国际体育仲裁院足球转会纠纷的判例评析

转会纠纷是国际足球纠纷中最具特色的纠纷类型,也是国际体育仲裁院每年受理的主要争议类型之一。文章挑选了国际体育仲裁院最近的关于足球转会纠纷的3起典型案件并进行分析,指出国际体育仲裁院对有关足球转会争议的裁决原则和法理发展方向。     

Correlates of Change in Walking for Exercise: An Exploratory Analysis

Abstract

This study was designed to identify correlates of change in walking for exercise. Respondents to a random sample mailed exercise survey were asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire 24 months after the first. Responses were obtained from 1,739 adults, reflecting an 86.6% return rate. Nonrespondents did not differ from respondents for baseline level of walking for exercise. Respondents overrepresented Caucasian and middle to high education (or income) adults. Residualized measures of change in walking for exercise served as the dependent variable, adjusted for baseline walking. Similarly, key independent variables, subject to change over time, were included after residualization. At both baseline and 24 months follow-up, adults walked for exercise an average of just under 1 hour per week, and 23.5% of the initially active adults ceased walking for exercise at 2 years. Multiple regression analyses explained more variance in walking for exercise among women than men. Change in dynamic variables such as friend's support and vigorous physical activity accounted for most of the explained variance. Results suggest that dynamic variables may need to be sustained to maintain walking for exercise. The limited explained variance suggests that more precise measures and additional determinants of walking for exercise need to be identified.     

Correlates of change in walking for exercise: an exploratory analysis.

This study was designed to identify correlates of change in walking for exercise. Respondents to a random sample mailed exercise survey were asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire 24 months after the first. Responses were obtained from 1,739 adults, reflecting an 86.6% return rate. Nonrespondents did not differ from respondents for baseline level of walking for exercise. Respondents overrepresented Caucasian and middle to high education (or income) adults. Residualized measures of change in walking for exercise served as the dependent variable, adjusted for baseline walking. Similarly, key independent variables, subject to change over time, were included after residualization. At both baseline and 24 months follow-up, adults walked for exercise an average of just under 1 hour per week, and 23.5% of the initially active adults ceased walking for exercise at 2 years. Multiple regression analyses explained more variance in walking for exercise among women than men. Change in dynamic variables such as friend's support and vigorous physical activity accounted for most of the explained variance. Results suggest that dynamic variables may need to be sustained to maintain walking for exercise. The limited explained variance suggests that more precise measures and additional determinants of walking for exercise need to be identified.     

Illness, injury, and correlates of aerobic exercise and walking: a community study

This study explores differences in exercise and walking behavior among subjects who reported temporary or long-term illnesses or injuries serious enough to have limited physical activities. The study is primarily concerned with specifying similarities and differences in correlates of vigorous exercise and walking among illness/injury groups in comparison to a healthy sample. Subjects in the analysis (N = 2,053) were drawn from a multiwave mailed survey of a probability sampling of the adult population residing in households in San Diego, California. Although differences were found in correlates of walking and vigorous exercise among the groups, self-efficacy, the belief that one is able to perform specific activities, was the most powerful and statistically significant correlate of both walking and vigorous exercise among all groups.