Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species

Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.      

缅甸的海运科技教育

缅甸海地区具有东南亚典型的渔业资源,若开和德林达依海岸是珍珠文化发展理想场所,沿岸区域盛产出口石油和天然气．如果具备相应的专家技术与管理,从海运范围划分出去的渔业资源将会在未来扮演很重要的角色．缅甸海运科学与技术教育发展的主要目的是：充分利用资源,改进海运交通网络结构和达到海运安全、海运环境保护和安全方面的全球化标准．描述不同部门的不同机构处理的海事事务及其责任．2002年8月1日建校的缅甸海事大学是专门为海事交通部门培训胜任的造船师与工程师的学校．缅甸海事大学为了建设高效的海事团体将进行更广泛的国际合作．