The neural correlates of working memory training in typically developing children

Working memory training improves children's cognitive performance on untrained tasks; however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This was investigated in 32 typically developing children aged 10–14 years (19 girls and 13 boys) using a randomized controlled design and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (Devon, UK; 2015–2016). Training improved working memory performance and increased intrinsic functional connectivity between the bilateral intraparietal sulci. Furthermore, improvements in working memory were associated with greater recruitment of the left middle frontal gyrus on a complex span task. Repeated engagement of fronto-parietal regions during training may increase their activity and functional connectivity over time, affording greater working memory performance. The plausibility of generalizable cognitive benefits from a neurobiological perspective and implications for neurodevelopmental theory are discussed.     

图书馆借助新媒体传播科学文化的实践研究——以中国科学院文献情报中心“科学人讲坛”为例

[目的/意义] 以"科学人讲坛"在"新媒体+科学文化内容"方面的有序推进为主要案例，论述新媒体技术在图书馆科学文化传播活动中的具体应用，找到专业图书馆科学文化传播工作优势及发展方向。[方法/过程] 梳理"科学人讲坛"讲座内容、推送渠道及观看数据，通过数据分析影响科学文化传播效果的主要因素。[结果/结论] 新媒体及时、灵活、强互动等特性在科学文化传播工作中起到了良好的效果。图书馆的服务意识、丰富馆藏及科学人文精神与新媒体技术优势的结合，使科学文化传播工作中公众的参与兴趣得到了极大提升，拉近了科学与公众间的距离，提高了科学文化传播效果。     

Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing

Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later.     

大学生精神性模型的构建及其成长需求研究

高等教育现代化进程中,在各个领域体现出不同的现代性.其中,人的现代性是核心,精神性是人的现代性的根源所在.根据精神性的内容,即生活世界、实践世界、意义世界3个维度,构建了大学生精神性成长需求理论模型;在量表调查基础上,通过差异性分析、探索性因素分析和回归分析发现,大学生精神性水平在性别、父母受教育程度上存在显著差异;大学生精神性模型具有较高的信效度,模型中的每个因子负荷量均达到标准.在此基础上,从大学生需求的角度提出了大学生精神性内容体系,旨在提升高校人才培养现代性追求的品质,丰富高等教育现代性的内容体系.