体育科学研究中中介效应检定存在的问题与应对

变量关系研究受到越来越多的重视,中介变量解释外生物理事件如何对外产生内部心理意义,中介效应说明了这个作用是“怎么样”和“为什 么”产生的。检定中介变量的直接效果、间接效果和总效果是研究中介变量的核心问题。在体育科学研究中,目前主要运用的中介效应检定方法是因 果步骤法和Sobel 方法,这2 种方法存在较多的不足与缺陷。研究通过分析传统中介效果检定方法,发现存在单纯z 值检定、特定间接中介效果无法 比较和样本非正态分布、统计功效低等局限。随着统计技术和方法的进一步发展,学者们近来采用数据模拟提出采用乘积分布法、非参数Bootstrap 法和马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗（MCMC）法等3 类方法来应对。这3 种方法各有其理论原理和计算程序,但在实务上表现出不同的特点和优劣。考虑到体 育科学研究的实际需要,并根据最新统计研究理论和技术提出,采用非参数Percentile Bootstrap 和Bias-Bootstrap 检定法,介绍了运用语法功能在 AMOS 软件中操作特定中介效果的检定和比较,从而克服了传统检定方法的不足,为相关研究提供方法学上的参考。     

MPCK视角下的结构方程应用初探

数学学科教学知识（MPCK）已经成为研究的热点,在理论分析较多的情况下,也应该关注量化分析的方法。本文介绍了结构方程模型的优点和结构方程模型软件AMOS的基本操作,讨论了在MPCK研究中,AMOS软件可能的用途。使用AMOS分析教师的MPCK,可以促进MPCK组成成分的研究,提高教师MPCK发展手段的针对性。     

高职学生会计职业胜任能力框架构建与综合评价——以结构方程方法和AMOS软件为分析工具

会计职业能力是胜任会计岗位的必要条件,提高高职会计教育质量最为有效的措施就是构建高职会计职业能力框架,以能力体系指导培养模式.使用结构方程方法,以AMOS为分析工具,在构建职业胜任能力框架的同时,还能进行模型的拟合优度检验和参数估计.基于问卷调查数据设计的会计职业能力框架,涉及三类职业能力要求,对估计参数进行归一化处理后,可以得到高职学生会计职业胜任能力综合评价体系,并为培养高职会计人才提供参考.     

A structural equation model of the impact of the “fuzzy front end” on the success of new product development

In this study of new product development projects, the fuzzy front end of innovation was explored. The new product development process has multiple stages, so two types of fuzzy front end impacts on the success of new product development were examined: (1) a direct impact and (2) an indirect impact by influencing the next stage of the new product development process, i.e. project execution. Furthermore, the degree of project newness, in accordance with contingency theory, was considered.We developed and tested a conceptual model of relationships among key variables related to the fuzzy front end, project execution, and project success. The structural equation model was tested with AMOS using information from 144 projects completed by German measurement and control technique firms.For the most part, the responses from these firms supported the hypothesized relationships and the frequently claimed importance of the fuzzy front end was confirmed. The results offer strong support for the importance of the early involvement of all departments in new product development to enhance communication and, ultimately, project success. This process can be advanced by initial planning prior to development.Furthermore, the firms’ responses highlighted the importance of reducing market and technical uncertainty during the fuzzy front end, as both were found to negatively influence communication and increase deviations during project execution. The technical uncertainty remaining at the start of a project had a direct, negative influence on project efficiency and the most far-reaching implications regarding the success or failure of the project.With regard to contingency theory, the results indicated that efforts spent on the reduction of uncertainty to improve project execution and success may be influenced by the degree of newness of new product concepts. The degree of newness was found to influence the reduction of technical uncertainty, deviations from specifications, and efficiency.