国内外爱伦·坡研究综述与比较

全球化进程的加速及文化研究热潮的兴起对爱伦.坡研究产生了巨大影响。本文从国内研究和国外研究两个方面对爱伦.坡研究予以综述和比较,试图通过阐述爱伦·坡研究现状和国内外研究的分析和比较,为我国学者和研究人员提供国内外爱伦·坡研究的清晰脉络和方向。     

Essential Criteria to Characterize Constructivist Teaching: Derived from a review of the literature and applied to five constructivist‐teaching method articles

Constructivism is an important theory of learning that is used to guide the development of new teaching methods, particularly in science education. However, because it is a theory of learning and not of teaching, constructivism is often either misused or misunderstood. Here we describe the four essential features of constructivism: eliciting prior knowledge, creating cognitive dissonance, application of new knowledge with feedback, and reflection on learning. We then use the criteria we developed to evaluate five representative published articles that claim to describe and test constructivist teaching methods. Of these five articles, we demonstrate that three do not adhere to the constructivist criteria, whereas two provide strong examples of how constructivism can be employed as a teaching method. We suggest that application of the four essential criteria will be a useful tool for all professional educators who plan to implement or evaluate constructivist teaching methods.     

Mythmaking in Alien Abduction Narratives

Examination of alien abduction discourse has the potential to inform our understanding of symbolic practices. This essay uses 130 narratives of individuals who claim to have had contact with extraterrestrial beings to argue that alien abduction discourse is a living myth. This myth—the Myth of Communion—is rhetorically significant because it illustrates the formative power of narrative while also revealing certain characteristics about our cultural condition.     

《八月之光》的存在主义解读

《八月之光》讲述了一个种族主义压抑人性的悲惨故事。主人公乔作为一个身体里流淌着黑人血统的混血儿,却身处在白人之上的国度里,必然遭受到白人的排斥,经历与他人隔离的荒诞感：他体内潜在的黑人血统正是他毕生想要摆脱和感到羞愧的根源,而他对白人的生活充满了既爱又恨的复杂情结,他矛盾的内心体现出．他深受种族主义异化的影响。直到死亡临近的时候,乔终于明白他生命的无意义和荒诞,于是他淡然地面对了死亡。存在主义的重要概念诸如荒诞、异化、死亡在乔的一生中得到具体地展现。     

CNI: Compelled Nonuse of Information

Purpose

The study reported in this paper reviewed the literatures of information science, psychology, sociology, political science, education, and communication science to analyze Compelled Nonuse of Information (CNI). This study of a behavior defined by its absence (i.e., the not using of information) involved the development of a methodology consisting of an iterative performance of a nine-step heuristic leading to a retroductive recognition of absence, here termed RRA.

Principal results

The study concluded with a hierarchical taxonomy of the mechanisms that compel a person not to use information. The six primary mechanisms are:

1.

Intrinsic somatic (bodily) conditions

2.

Socio-environmental barriers

3.

Authoritarian controls

4.

Threshold knowledge shortfall

5.

Attention shortfall

6.

Information filtering.

Major conclusions

The resultant taxonomy of CNI appears here as a comprehensive checklist with which information workers such as the teacher, librarian, advertiser, politician, or health care professional can respond efficiently and effectively to situations of nonuse of information. For example, a teacher might ask: “Why are students not responding to what I present?” Further, the social implications of any compelled behavior touch the very basis of the social contract, and this paper presents a first step toward understanding the compelled aspects of CNI.     

A pilot study of a family focused,psychosocial intervention with war-exposed youth at risk of attack and abduction in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Rural communities in the Haut-Uele Province of northern Democratic Republic of Congo live in constant danger of attack and/or abduction by units of the Lord's Resistance Army operating in the region. This pilot study sought to develop and evaluate a community-participative psychosocial intervention involving life skills and relaxation training and Mobile Cinema screenings with this war-affected population living under current threat. 159 war-affected children and young people (aged 7–18) from the villages of Kiliwa and Li-May in north-eastern DR Congo took part in this study. In total, 22% of participants had been abduction previously while 73% had a family member abducted. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions, internalising problems, conduct problems and pro-social behaviour were assessed by blinded interviewers at pre- and post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Participants were randomised (with an accompanying caregiver) to 8 sessions of a group-based, community-participative, psychosocial intervention (n = 79) carried out by supervised local, lay facilitators or a wait-list control group (n = 80). Average seminar attendance rates were high: 88% for participants and 84% for caregivers. Drop-out was low: 97% of participants were assessed at post-intervention and 88% at 3 month follow-up. At post-test, participants reported significantly fewer symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions compared to controls (Cohen's d = 0.40). At 3 month follow up, large improvements in internalising symptoms and moderate improvements in pro-social scores were reported, with caregivers noting a moderate to large decline in conduct problems among the young people.     

桡腕关节运动的生物力学特性研究

本文利用Ｘ线摄片测量，并运用ＳＴＫ录像分析系统对挠腕关节掌屈、背屈、内收、外展的最大运动幅度及参与运动的各肌肉的肌肉长度、力臂变化值进行了定量的测量分析，揭示了桡院关节运动外部表现与内部作用的生物力学特性。     

农村大学生的角色适应

农村大学生作为大学生群体的一部分,其心理问题越来越受到人们的重视。农村大学生的大学适应指来自农村的大学生从物质生活、校园生活及心理生活逐步适应大学生活。然而,农村大学生从农村来到大城市中的校园生活中却面临着角色知觉、角色冲突、角色紧张以及由此引起的角色差距,为更好地适应大学生活,农村大学生应积极进行角色调适。     

外来物种入侵我国的现状及防治对策

外来生物在丰富了区域生物物种的同时，也带来了一些负面影响，对生态环境、生物多样性和社会经济遗成很大危害。我国外来生物入侵现象越来越严重，入侵生物种类多，来源广泛，文中着重分析我国生物入侵现状及对社会造成的危富，并提出防治对策。     

科幻电影中体育场景的意义与叙事研究 ——基于《异形4》的深描

科幻电影引入体育场景的设计与叙事,代表了体育活动的当代影响力,也代表了科幻电影独立思考和价值批判的纵深维度。以经典科幻电影《异形4》中的篮球对决场景为例,通过分析这一独立叙事单元的结构,力求呈现克隆人蕾普莉天赋的超人类身体能力,融入整个《异形》系列电影的科学预设与叙事背景中,提炼《异形4》中篮球对决场景的意义所指。研究认为,在科幻电影的整体叙事框架中,体育场景叙事承担了某种隐喻功能,丰富了科幻电影的叙事方式,深化了科幻电影的主题表达,彰显了体育活动之于人类主体性存在的独特价值。