Forty years later,a systematic literature review on inclusion in physical education (1975–2015): A teacher perspective

The first objective of this work is to systematically list the international studies about the inclusion of students with disabilities in physical education (PE) from the teachers' perspective. Sixty studies met our selection criteria and are listed. The second objective is to analyse the content of the literature according to the inductive and thematic approach of Thomas and Harden (2008). Our thematic analysis highlights: a) the factors that influence PE teachers' positive or negative attitudes and predispositions towards the inclusion of students with disabilities and b) the factors that can positively influence the inclusion of students with disabilities in PE classes, according to the teachers' representations. Based on these sets of factors, we propose some adapted PE training content for PE teachers. These training content proposals form the basis of research perspectives.     

Examining the “Blanket of Protection” Conferred by Inoculation: The Effects of Inoculation Messages on the Cross-protection of Related Attitudes

Although the effectiveness of inoculation as a strategy for promoting resistance to attitude change is fairly well established, the potential of inoculation messages to offer cross-protection for related, but untreated, attitudes warrants additional attention from scholars. The reported study tested the “blanket of protection” conferred by inoculation. Participants (N = 118) were randomly assigned to read an inoculation message addressing a target topic and subsequently had their attitudes toward three related, but untreated, topics attacked. The results offer some evidence that inoculation messages can confer cross-protection for related attitudes. Participants in the inoculation condition reported greater perceptions of threat, greater counterarguing, and less attitude change in response to attacks than participants in the control condition for two of the three untreated topics. Counterarguing in response to attacks on untreated attitudes appears to be primarily responsible for cross-protection.     

Do Individual Perceptions Matter in Pornography Effects? How Perceived General Acceptance and Influence of Pornography May Impact Agreement With Sex-Role Attitudes

Pornography use is often associated with less-progressive sex-role attitudes, such as endorsement of a sexual double standard between heterosexual partners, but the process by which this relationship occurs is still largely unexamined. The present study was conducted to examine how perceptions about pornography may play a role in the relationship between pornography use and sex-role attitudes. Perceived general acceptance and perceived influence of pornography on most people partially mediated the relationship between pornography use and sex-role attitudes. The more participants reported using pornography, the more they believed pornography was generally accepted and had a positive influence; however, conversely to what was hypothesized, the more positive they perceived pornography’s influence, the less likely they were to report sex-role attitudes that endorse a sexual double standard.     

Evaluation of an anti-doping intervention for adolescents: Findings from a school-based study

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a school-based intervention in promoting an anti-doping culture in adolescents. Participants were 218 high school students attending Health Education programs in Greek secondary education. Students completed a questionnaire including measures of attitudes towards nutritional supplement and doping use, social norms and norm salience, and values and harms of sport. The intervention consisted of 10 teaching units focusing on the health, moral, social and psychological aspects of nutritional supplement and doping use. The results showed that intervention group participants reported significantly weaker attitudes towards doping use, and increased norm salience. Health was ranked as the most important value of sport in both intervention and control groups, and doping use was ranked as the most important threat to the integrity of sport in the intervention group. The findings are discussed with respect to policy making and the role of school-based interventions in promoting an anti-doping culture in young people.     

女大学生体育运动态度的调查研究

从态度的三个层面：认知层面、情感层面、行为层面对师专女大学生体育运动的态度进行研究分析．结果表明，就整体而言师专女大学生对体育运动的认识处于较低水平．她们特别重视自身参加锻炼的情感体验，对体育运动的行为倾向处于一般水平，     

以专业认证导向的生物技术综合实验教学改革

生物技术综合实验是高等学校生命科学类专业一门重要的专业核心课程,对人才培养目标的达成至关重要。华中农业大学以专业认证为契机,对生物技术综合实验课进行持续改进,在实际教学过程中进行了以下方面的教学改革:一是以培养目标为导向,修订教学大纲,优化教学内容;二是改革考核方式与评价方法;三是完善教学设施和师资队伍,提升教学条件。实践证明,这一系列教学改革对完善生物技术综合实验教学内容、提高学生对课程的重视度以及培养学生的科研思维和实验技能具有显著的促进作用,取得了良好的教学效果。     

Education on population matters in Europe: results from a comparative survey among students in five European countries

In 1996–1997, within the framework of the European Observatory for Population Education and Information, a comparative survey was conducted among students in final classes of secondary education in several European countries. On the one hand, the survey attempted to assess the effects of education on population in terms of knowledge acquired; the issues addressed in the questionnaire pertained to knowledge of demographic facts and trends (such as the ageing of Western societies and immigration). On the other hand it tried to ascertain students' opinions on demographic trends. What are young people's views on intergenerational solidarity, how tolerant are they towards immigrants, what are their views on recent changes in family structures? This knowledge is important since it is young people's attitudes and future behaviour that will help to shape both the social tissue and the economic prosperity of the European and world population. In this article we present a comparative analysis of survey results obtained in five European countries. We examined the question whether knowledge acquired in the course of scolarisation influences opinions. The results evidence a significant relationship between knowledge of the migrants' issue and attitudes of tolerance towards migrants. By means of multivariate analyses, the impact of factors such as social origin, study orientation and gender on both students' knowledge and attitudes, are investigated. We conclude that adequate educational training on population issues can have a significant positive impact on attitudes of tolerance.     

伴科学家探索这一研究型教学模式在生物技术本科教学中的应用——以微小抗体（纳米抗体）的发明发展史为例

我们以科学史(故事)为授课主线,将科学家发明创造的探索全过程融入、渗透到枯燥难懂的生物抗体工程理论课中,展开以学生为主体和先锋、科学家为后盾和底牌的探究式PBL。课后,指导学生精读一篇科学家关于此项发明成果的原始论文,以巩固和延伸课堂学习效果。其教学目的不是要求学生准确无误地复制科学家的观点与方法,而是让学生在科学家的辅佐下经历整个探索过程,最终达到创新意识、科研方法训练和精神品质培养的三重教育目标。此教学模式能够为大学本科研究型教学和创新综合素质的培养提供理想的教育平台。     

Exploration and exploitation in innovation systems: The case of pharmaceutical biotechnology

This paper develops a theoretical framework for an explanation of how exploitation and exploration build on each other, in a ‘cycle of discovery’, developed in earlier research. The framework is tested empirically, in the sense of seeing whether it can help to reconstruct and understand the emergence of the pharmaceutical industry. One of the conclusions is that whereas recent literature stresses the idiosyncratic nature of the biotechnological revolution, our analysis seems to reveal that this does not seem to be as unique as suggested. From this, we conclude that the theoretical framework we propose, serves its purpose of explanation. But there are also some lessons for improving it.     

我国生物安全文化建设的对策研究

生物风险是现代生物技术潜在的"负效应",随着现代生物技术的飞速发展,新的生物风险必将不断产生并危及人类生产和生活。特别是当现代生物技术与商业利益、跨国资本、地缘政治结合时,生物风险不仅是科技问题,而且是社会问题。因此,生物安全已成为当前国际安全问题的核心之一。加强生物安全建设的根本途径是生物安全文化的培育和创新。生物安全文化主要包括制度文化、物质文化和精神文化三方面。文章就此三方面分析了当前我国生物安全文化的现状和不足,阐明了当前重视和加强生物安全文化建设的必要性和意义,并对今后如何培育和加强我国的生物安全文化建设提出观点和建议。