欧洲汉语能力基准项目能做说明初探——以阅读理解为例

欧洲汉语能力基准项目(European Benchmarking Chinese Language Project,EBCL)是欧盟资助并由来自英、法、德、意的四所高校承担的研究项目,其主要目的是依据《欧洲语言共同参考框架(Common European Framework of Reference for Languages,CEFR)》为欧洲的汉语学习者制定一个可以参考的汉语能力基准框架。本文首先简要介绍欧洲汉语能力基准项目及其参考依据——欧洲语言共同参考框架,并以欧洲汉语能力基准项目阅读理解能做说明为例,阐述基准项目对欧洲框架的继承与发展,最后论述了基准项目和欧洲框架对国内汉语水平考试研发的启示。     

Benchmarking oral reading fluency in the early grades in Nguni languages

To prevent children from falling behind in the developmental sequence of reading, a shared vision of what reading success looks like is required. This paper provides the first benchmarks for early grade oral reading fluency that are necessary (albeit not sufficient) to read for meaning in three Nguni languages – isiZulu, isiXhosa and Siswati - belonging to the Southern Bantu family of African languages. In contrast with previous benchmarking methodologies, our approach is informed by a non-parametric analysis of longitudinal early grade reading assessment (EGRA) data, guided by reading development theory. The EGRA-type data used for this analysis is the largest compilation of data on early grade fluency in these languages, with comparative assessments for nearly 14,200 children. Analysing empirical regularities and reading trajectories, we identify a lower fluency threshold of 20 correct words per minute (cwpm) and an upper fluency benchmark of 35 cwpm for the early grades. These benchmarks contribute to guiding curriculum policy, provide specificity to improve tracking of literacy progress and address gaps in the literature on reading in African languages.     

定标比超分析法在高校图书馆中的应用研究

论文提出运用定标比超法对高校图书馆的各项工作进行研究,并对定标比超法在图书馆应用的具体步骤和意义进行了简要阐述。     

企业技术创新的高标准定位研究

本将高标准定位这种新的管理工具引入我国企业的技术创新少许顺国际上技术创新高标准定位的研究成果的基础上，建立了更为系统和动态的新模型，通过理论分析和实际应用，总结了最佳创新公司在技术创新管理上的成功经验，以帮助我国企业的实提高技术创新管理水平，获得基于技术创新能力的竞争优势。     

浙江省大型企业技术创新高标定位分析

本文对浙江省大型企业技术创新的规律进行分析和研究,归纳大型企业技术创新的特点,找出主要成功经验,为其他企业开展技术创新提供高标定位（ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ）,以有利于增强浙江经济的持续竞争能力     

Chapter IX: Extenuating Circumstances: The Framework of Factors Influencing Cost Effectiveness Within the SUNY Express Network

SUMMARY

The SUNY Express document and book delivery service was implemented in October 1993, within the context of cooperative resource sharing among the SUNY (State University of New York) University Center Libraries. This article discusses the fixed cost factors of the service, insights gained about actual costs, and the framework of additional cost factors influencing overall cost effectiveness of the cooperative. The article primarily presents the perspective of an individual institution (the University at Albany), but it also discusses cost factors generally applied to the four SUNY University Centers (Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo and Stony Brook).     

Bringing in the users: The role for usability evaluation in eGovernment

During the last decade, various types of eGovernment evaluations have been proposed. These evaluations have primarily focused on international benchmarking using supply side metrics. Demand for eGovernment has been largely ignored. Recently, this oversight has been recognised, but research in this area is still in its infancy. This paper proposes the use of an already established usability literature from computer science. Advantages of applying usability methods to eGovernment include recognising barriers to use, identifying future development priorities and using already existing methods to assess and compare online offerings. Importantly, the inclusion of and focus on real users also fits with the wider government ideals of greater public participation and strengthening democracy.     

论定标比超方法在企业竞争情报实践中的应用

本文介绍了在竞争情报实践中应用较广、影响较大的定标比超方法在企业的应用过程 ,包括选择比较内容和目标企业 ,建立竞争力评价指标体系 ,收集、处理数据 ,比较分析 ,提出对策等主要步骤     

Indicators for national science and technology policy: how robust are composite indicators?

This article addresses a set of issues that were central to Keith Pavitt's research, that is, the construction and use of tools to measure national innovative performance and to design national policies relating to innovation. It presents an overview of the development of science and technology (S&T) indicators and their use in national policy making and provides evidence of the vulnerability of composite S&T indicators to manipulation. A brief history of the development of S&T indicators begins with the role of the United States followed by their worldwide diffusion with particular emphasis on Europe. Newer developments towards composite indicators, benchmarking and scoreboarding are discussed. To investigate the robustness of innovation scoreboards empirically, a sensitivity analysis of one selected case is presented. It is shown that composite scores and country rank positions can vary considerably depending on the selection process. Thus, the use of scoreboards leaves room for manipulation in the policymaking system. Further research is needed on alternative methods of calculation to prevent their misuse and abuse.     

Developing a Cancer-Focused Library Survey — Assessing the Current Environment and Planning for the Future

The primary goal of this project is to understand how each National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center library, and all libraries that support cancer research, function within their institutions. Through an in-depth survey focused on three major areas (staff, content and tools procurement, and user services), the research team hopes to determine how a cancer-centric library can be successful in supporting quality patient care, research excellence, and education. Additionally, the survey will examine the necessary minimum staffing levels for librarians and information professionals based on organizational size and degree of research focus. The survey will seek out the new skills librarians will need to deliver optimal services. The survey will also explore how content libraries purchase reflects and maps to constituents’ current medical and research activities. Libraries within a research intense environment have a responsibility to align with researchers and health care professionals to provide resources and services that support their workflows. Cancer libraries need to be attuned to their institutions’ missions, whether that includes excellent patient care, research endeavors, or cutting-edge educational programs. The information gathered from the survey will provide data for this research team to define the vision and standards of excellence for a cancer specialized research library.