博洛尼亚进程促进大学生流动的政策发展及经费支持措施

博洛尼亚进程被视为一系列欧洲会议以及一些旨在2010年前建立欧洲高教区的政策决定的产物和延续。在促进高校学生流动上,博洛尼亚进程是以教育质量为根本,结合学位制度、质量保障体系、学分转换系统、信贷系统等辅助措施,力图打破阻碍教育因素流动的障碍。从发展进程上看,其是以欧洲政治、经济一体化的深入为前提,追求欧洲高等教育在全球范围内的重新崛起。从挪威、瑞士、奥地利等代表性国家为促进高校学生流动采取的经费支持措施看,虽然有相关贷款制度、奖学金制度、经费补助政策的支持,但在国际金融危机的阴影下,各国财政支持的力度并不能很好地支撑博洛尼亚进程相关目标的实现。     

Academic Understandings of and Responses to Bologna: a three-country perspective

This article aims to describe how academics in England, Denmark and Portugal understand the Bologna Process, their attitudes towards the initiative, and how understandings and attitudes determine action. It shows how contextually and culturally determined academic understandings, expectations, preferences, priorities and constraints are key influences in the process of educational change envisaged by the Bologna Process. Second, inspired by the implementation staircase metaphor which illustrates different actors' perceptions conditioned by their location on the path of the policy, the article presents three different examples of interplay between national authorities responsible for policy-making in the wake of the Bologna Process and the institutional field responsible for policy implementation. It reveals variations from country to country with regard to bottom-up and top-down initiatives, both at the level of actors' expectations and of actual measures to implement Bologna policy. This article comes in response to the frailty of an empirical base for the understanding of Bologna from an institutional and academic perspective. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://youtu.be/9YVouJ35XuE     

法国博洛尼亚进程实施状况述评

博洛尼亚进程的总目标已成为欧洲各国高等教育改革的参照标准,对以多样化为特点的法国高等教育而言,欧洲高等教育一体化的实现是一个长期的历史进程。法国高等教育系统的改革以整合博洛尼亚进程,建立欧洲高等教育研究区为主旋律。博洛尼亚进程的实施对法国高等教育产生了巨大的影响,增强了法国高等教育体制的开放性和流动性,促进了学生的流动性,密切了高等教育领域与社会经济部门的联系,提高了毕业生的就业率。     

博洛尼亚进程后欧洲工程教育专业认证的发展研究——以欧洲工程教育认证网络为例

博洛尼亚进程对欧洲高等工程教育专业认证产生了重要的影响,本文以欧洲工程教育认证网络(ENAEE)及欧洲工程教育专业认证(EUR-ACE?)体系的出现和发展为切入点,分析了其历史、背景、组织结构、认证标准,及其与欧洲各国工程教育专业认证之间的关系,并将EUR-ACE?认证体系与华盛顿协议进行了比较,发现EUR-ACE?体系在欧洲层面建立起了一种分散式的第一阶段和第二阶段统一的认证体系。EUR-ACE?体系既强调灵活性和兼容性,又努力保证各国的多样性。     

中俄两国在教育服务国际市场上的出路和合作前景的比较研究

本文分析了中国与俄罗斯两国政府对国际教育服务市场认识的共同点,包括中俄两国都积极参与高等教育国际化进程,实施有限度的开放,把提高跨境教育的质量放在突出位置,关注教育产业属性的探讨,重视人才流失问题等等.文章指出俄罗斯对外教育合作的一些特点,如把独联体成员国的教育合作放在突出位置,积极谨慎地推进博洛尼亚进程,理智地分析和对待加入WTO带来的权益和可能产生的潜在危害.文章指明中俄在教育服务国际市场上的合作具有战略意义.     

Tackling knowledge ‘like a business’? Rethinking the modernisation of higher education in Poland

The year 1989 marked the official end of communist rule in Poland and the replacement of ‘Gosplan’ by new instruments for liberal-democratic governance. In terms of the economy this heralded a departure from Gosplan’s five-year planning cycles, performance targets and the ‘propaganda of success’. Paradoxically, however, 27 years later, the marketisation of higher education in Poland has been accompanied by a continuation of Gosplan thinking. This is manifested in a neoliberal vision of the modern, ‘corporate’ university as a largely utilitarian enterprise, but subject to a style of performance management strongly resonant of the Soviet era. This article analyses the thinking, ideas and ideologies that have shaped contemporary higher education in Poland. It is contended that the rise of the ‘corporate university’ signals the twilight of the Humboldtian tradition and raises questions about what the corporate ideal of ‘excellence’ may mean for the future of the university.     

Global references,local translation: adaptation of the Bologna Process degree structure and credit system at universities in Cameroon

This article uses temporal comparison and thematic analytical approaches to analyse text documents and interviews, examining the adaptation of the Bologna Process degree structure and credit system in two sub-systems of education in Cameroon: the Anglo-Saxon and the French systems. The central aim is to verify whether such adaptation has replaced, re-enforced or modified existing practices. Secondly, the article analyses the factors that have influenced this adaptation. The results highlight the idea that education systems may demonstrate a level of awareness about global practices, but these practices are interpreted in their local contexts; thus, policy-makers ‘think globally but act locally’.     

Views of Chemistry and Chemical Theories: A Comparison between two University Textbooks in the Bolognese Context at the Beginning of the 19th Century

After surveying some 18th century chemistry textbooks in Italy, this case study compares two Bolognese university textbooks related to the subject. Although the works in question represented two different ways of conceiving and using chemistry, both were within the Lavoisian framework. In other words, when a revolutionary theory passes from one country to another, it does not pass as a whole. Different people who receive it also perceive different things, give importance to different aspects of it, and have different aims at diffusing it. In this respect, both the background training of a teacher and his target students become relevant, as well as the institutional context in which the transfer of knowledge occurs.     

Challenges of engineering education and curriculum development in the context of the Bologna process

The work of Activity 1 of the Thematic Network E4 “Employability through Innovative Curricula” on curriculum development issues has been guided by the intention to contribute to the establishment of a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by addressing crucial aspects of harmonisation, compatibility and comparability. In due course the activities aspired to contribute to the enhancement of engineering education by encouraging diversity and innovative solutions to deal with a range of changing demands. Creative competitiveness and the strive for specific profiles of engineering qualifications on a high level of quality must be accompanied by the attempt to make diversity and quality transparent and comparable based on common terms. The article describes briefly various demands and discusses the challenges of the Bologna Process on the development of engineering education in Europe and how some of the meanwhile 45 signatory countries deal with it. Based on the published Outcomes of Activity 1 and referring to examples of good practice it focuses on components of innovative curricula which should guide curriculum development to satisfy various needs including those of the Bologna Process.     

How was the Bologna Process in Poland,the Netherlands and Flanders implemented?

The Bologna Process is an important factor which has had an impact on higher education in Europe. In this paper the implementation of the Bologna Process in Poland, the Netherlands and Flanders is discussed, to show how the different contexts influenced its realization. In order to study the transformation of higher education, new institutionalism and resource dependence theory were applied. Research focuses on six case studies – different universities, which are seen as organizations operating in a specific context and which respond to changes in this context.