Reframing the field of gender and nursing education

The aim of this article is to explore how male students learn to practice nursing and the role of technology in their training process. The study is inspired by Bruno Latour's understanding of social interaction as an interplay between humans and technology. The students' use of the washcloth and the stethoscope, two significant nursing tools, is examined. Data were gathered using participant observation and informal conversation with a group of male Norwegian nursing students and their male teacher in a skills laboratory at University College. The article contributes a renewed understanding of gender and nursing education as well as a deepened understanding of how men adjust to a historically female profession such as nursing.     

在转向唯物主义和共产主义的前夜——《莱茵报》时期马克思哲学思想发展的再考察

《莱茵报》时期是马克思哲学思想的真实发展过程的重要阶段。马克思转向唯物主义和共产主义的思想前提是与鲍威尔的决裂,这种决裂的实质是两者在哲学的使命这个元问题上的本质差异;在正式加入《莱茵报》之前,马克思实际因循黑格尔的国家观,存在一个建立超阶级的、代表一切人利益的、保障全民自由的理性国家的幻想;之后,关于共产主义的政治争论以及对物质利益问题的反思,极大地动摇了马克思的信念,使之开始怀疑、反思黑格尔的国家观,向唯物主义和共产主义的转向由此获得了真实的起点。     

鲍威尔自我意识哲学的理论缺陷及批判

鲍威尔的自我意识哲学有自身的理论缺陷,主要表现为把自我意识变成了一个形而上学的怪物,把"批判"变成了超验的存在物,把群众看成历史发展的惰性力量,以及把社会主义看成是唯灵论的口号。马克思对鲍威尔的自我意识哲学的批判开辟了新哲学的道路,在马克思主义哲学史上留下了光辉的一页。