大学生计算机自我效能感问卷的开发与应用

目前,大学信息技术课程研究在课程政策等宏观层面已经取得了很大成效,但对于信息技术课程学科心理这样一些微观因素的研究却很少;对信息技术本身的研究很多,但对信息技术学习者的研究却很少。这体现出在大学信息技术课程研究中,对课程内涵的挖掘并不深,人文关怀严重匮乏。在这一背景下,本研究以大学生计算机自我效能感这一重要的信息技术课程学科心理因素为例,首先利用结构方程模型开发大学生计算机自我效能感问卷,经过对测量模型的一系列修改,得到克隆巴赫α系数为0.8055、测量模型中各指标的因子负荷t值均大于2、测量模型的卡方与自由度的比值为2.066、RMSEA为0.069、CFI为0.93、NNFI为0.92,交互效度良好的计算机自我效能感问卷;然后利用该问卷通过对独立样本的t检验,研究计算机自我效能感的三个维度的性别、专业差异,得出男生的计算机自我效能感的数量、概化水平在0.05水平上,显著高于女生,理科生的计算机自我效能感的数量、概化水平在0.05水平上,显著高于文科生;在此基础上,提出在信息技术教学中根据学习者本身的特点对计算机自我效能感进行干预的策略,以期为提升信息技术教学效果提供参考。     

From one girl to ‘three girls’: the importance of separating agency from blame (and harm from wrongfulness) in narratives of childhood sexual abuse and exploitation

In May 2012, nine men from Rochdale were convicted and jailed for grooming girls with alcohol, drugs and gifts before forcing them to have sex with multiple men. Following the case in Rochdale similar cases of grooming and sexual abuse/exploitation of young girls came to light in various towns and cities across the UK. In 2017, the BBC aired the drama Three Girls which featured the story of three of the victims whose abusers were ultimately jailed in May 2012, including one whose story of abuse was not listened to and whose abusers were ultimately not charged with abusing her (although they were charged with abusing other young girls). In this paper, I draw parallels between the experiences of these three girls and another victim of childhood sexual abuse (interviewed as part of an ESRC funded research project) to show how the central features of this story (childhood sexual innocence and victims’ lack of agency) are deeply problematic not only for victims and child protection services, but also for how teachers and other education professionals understand children and young people’s sexuality and CSA (a term I use to include child sexual exploitation or CSE) and ultimately how they respond to victims.     

中国英语能力等级量表中句法量表的构建——基于句法区别性特征的方法

中国英语句法能力等级量表研制组在建立描述语库的过程中发现,已采集到的句法描述语存在数量不足、可解释性差及对特定水平学习者应掌握的句法特征界定不清等问题。研制组从以往二语习得研究中提取句法区别性特征,基于我国英语学习者语料库观察这些区别性特征在真实语言使用样本中的分布情况,并对比分析不同水平群体的句法错误变化规律,在撰写句法描述语时注重突出不同水平学习者应掌握的最典型、最重要的句法特征,反映不同阶段学习者的句法知识掌握及运用情况。基于大规模问卷调查对描述语进行分级验证后发现,使用这种方法构建的句法量表数据分析结果良好,量表建设时专家基于区别性特征对描述语的定级与问卷调查定级结果高度吻合。     

利用UML开发基于J2EE的跨源搜索引擎研究

本文针对目前难以有效整合多源异构数据检索的问题提出了一种跨源搜索引擎（CSE）设计思想,并基于J2EE和UML技术对CSE进行建模,文中对CSE的设计思想、系统结构、设计模式和系统执行进行了理论上的描述。     

卷烟烟气浸出物对微生物生长的影响

设计了一种新型的烟气浸出物制备装置,测定烟气浸出物对4种细菌和3种真菌生长的影响.结果表明,在剂量范围内,烟气浸出物均能抑制细菌和真菌的生长.烟气浸出物对铜绿假单孢菌（Pseudom onas aeruginosa）,大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）,枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）和金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）的抑制率分别为97.2%,86.2%,51.5%和81.7%.对爪哇毛霉（Mucor jaranicas）,灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）和白色念珠菌（Canadida albicans）的抑制率分别为95.5%,79.8%和98.9%.所设计的制备装置能有效获得烟气浸出物,可用于烟气浸出物生物学功能分析的标准化研究.     

Changing aims of computing education: a historical survey

Computing education has been an important and sometimes contentious issue ever since the advent of modern computing. Debates about computing education have closely followed job markets, technological development, academic interests, societal concerns, and changes in the perception of computing. The themes in computing education debates can be characterized by emergence and formation, standardization and organization, accommodation to change, and divergence. The focus of computing education has expanded outward from the computer to programming, algorithms, and information, as well as to the organizational, social, and cultural environment of computer systems.

This survey gives computing education researchers an overview of some of the central issues and disputes in computing education over the brief history of modern computing. The survey highlights the emergence of educational initiatives, concepts, joint efforts, and institutions of computing education, and outlines the relatively short history of computing education research. The survey is structured around four overlapping themes: computing education as technological training, as training for software development, as a central element for the field’s academic recognition, and as training for computational problem-solving in any domain of knowledge. Each theme has played a role throughout the history of modern computing, but their relative emphases have changed over the years.     

The long-term washback effects of the National Matriculation English Test on college English learning in China: Tertiary student perspectives

The Chinese National Matriculation English Test (NMET) aims to select higher-achieving students for tertiary education. This study presents student perceptions of the effectiveness of NMET preparation for after-test college English learning. Through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, tertiary students reported that the NMET facilitated their learning of college English. However, they also felt that having more English speaking and listening skills for the NMET would have better prepared them to handle college workloads. The students’ perceptions correlated with province of origin, senior high school and college status. Students’ suggestions for the NMET included making the speaking and listening NMET subtests obligatory, and adopting the same national standards for all English curricula to narrow the gap between secondary students’ English competence and the demands of tertiary education. Studying long-term washback effects of high stakes language tests and adopting the new China’s Standards of English could improve test preparation and the tests themselves.