一种LDO线性稳压器的设计与仿真

LDO线性稳压器是移动便携式电子设备中应用极为广泛的一类电源管理芯片．设计了一款两路LDO输出的线性稳压器,输出电压分别为2．8V和3．0V．采用CadenceHspice软件对设计的电路进行仿真,结果表明所设计的LDO具有低功耗,超低压差,输出精度高,电源抑制比高等优点．     

Inter-individual differences in stride frequencies during running obtained from wearable data

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to identify factors that underlie differences among runners in stride frequency (SF) as a function of running speed. Participants (N = 256; 85.5% males and 14.5% females; 44.1 ± 9.8 years; 181.4 ± 8.4 cm; 75.3 ± 10.6 kg; mean ± SD) shared their wearable data (?Garmin Inc). Individual datasets were filtered to obtain representative relationships between stride frequency (SF) and speed per individual, representing in total 16.128 h of data. The group relationship between SF (72.82 to 94.73 strides · min^?1) and running speed (V) (from 1.64 to 4.68 m · s^?1) was best described with SF = 75.01 + 3.006 V. A generalised linear model with random effects was used to determine variables associated with SF. Variables and their interaction with speed were entered in a stepwise forward procedure. SF was negatively associated with leg length and body mass and an interaction of speed and age indicated that older runners use higher SF at higher speed. Furthermore, run frequency and run duration were positively related to SF. No associations were found with injury incidence, athlete experience or performance. Leg length, body mass, age, run frequency and duration were associated with SFs at given speeds.

KEY POINTS

• On a group level, stride frequency can be described as a linear function of speed: SF (strides · min^?1) = 75.01+ 3.006·speed (m · s^?1) within the range of 1.64 to 4.68 m · s^?1.

• On an individual level, the SF-speed relation is best described with a second order polynomial.

• Leg length and body mass were positively related to stride frequency while age was negatively related to stride frequency.

• Run frequency and run duration were positively related to stride frequency, while running experience, performance and injury incidence were unrelated.

     

教学语调“抑扬顿挫”的技术分析——北京高校第六届青年教师教学基本功比赛案例研究

文章结合教学语调实际教学需要,通过对120位参赛教师的课堂案例进行质化研究,利用NVIVO软件对课程逐字稿进行分析,粹取出教学语调中6项"抑扬顿挫"的有效技能点,并精选出13位一等奖选手的有代表性样本进行了对比和分析,阐明了课堂实际应用中的要点和作用。     

Contributions of local and central sensations to the perception of exertion during cycling: Effects of work rate and cadence

There is evidence to suggest that perception of exertion during exercise is based on both local and central sensations. The aim of the present experiment was to determine the relative contributions of diff erent sensations to overall perceived exertion during cycling. Eighteen trained cyclists pedalled on a cycle ergometer for 4 min at each of three work rates (100, 150 and 200 W) and cadences (50, 70 and 90 rev. min-1). At the end of each bout, they used Borg's category-ratio (CR-10) scale to rate their overall perceived exertion, leg muscle pain, knee pain, breathlessness and heart beat intensity. The results indicated that cadence only influenced local sensations (muscle pain and knee pain), which were significantly higher at slower pedalling rates. Neither overall perceived exertion nor central sensations (breathlessness and heart beat intensity) were significantly affected by cadence. In contrast, increases in work rate were associated with higher ratings for all sensations. Further analyses revealed that variations in these overall ratings of perceived exertion as a function of work rate were accounted for by variations in ratings of muscle pain and breathlessness. The general implication is that perceived exertion during cycling derives from a combination of muscle and respiratory sensations.     

差分放大器的研究——仿真及优化

差分放大器在模拟集成电路中有着广泛的应用,如继承电路运算放大器的输入级均采用差分放大器的电路结构,它的显著特点是只对差分信号进行放大,而对共模信号进行抑制,抗干扰能力强,并且具有漂移小,级与级之间易于直接耦合等优点。文章主要解决CMOS差分放大器的分析,设计以及仿真。先从基本差对放角度入手,分析大信号特性与小信号特性,最终通过基于Cadence的仿真优化电路。