Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species

Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial eultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.     

不同授粉方法对辣椒座果的影响

采用A直接授粉、A自然授粉、B自然授粉、B徒手去雄授粉方法分别给辣椒授粉 ,结果表明 ,采用A直接授粉的辣椒总座果数最高 ,座果以集中在第 3- 5节为佳 ;优化分析表明 ,采用A直接授粉总座果数为 2 2个时 ,最佳平均座果分布为第一节位座果 0 .43- 0 6 9个 ,第二节位座果 0 .81- 1.19个 ,第三节位座果 2 .83 - 3.37个 ,第四节位座果 5 .80 - 6 .34个 ,第五节位座果 6 .5 5 - 7.15个 ,第六节位座果 4.2 2 - 4.6 0个     

Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species

Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.      

干红辣椒中辣椒红素和辣椒素的提取

以贵阳的干红辣椒为原料,选用二氧六环为最佳提取溶剂。采用正交实验考察了固液比、提取温度及提取时间3个因素对辣椒色素及辣椒素提取的影响,影响辣椒色素提取的因素从高到低为:固液比>提取温度>提取时间;影响辣椒素提取的因素从高到低为:固液比>提取温度>提取时间。然后通过方差分析和提取次数的单因素考察,确定了二氧六环提取辣椒色素与辣椒素的最优条件为提取温度50℃、提取时间1h、固液比1:11(分3次提取)。在此优化条件下辣椒红素和辣椒素的累积提取率均可达到97%左右。     

温度胁迫对辣椒部分生理特性的影响

对15个辣椒品种进行高、低温胁迫,结果表明:高、低温胁迫其叶片的电导率无明显变化;可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量以及根系活力品种之间均存在极显著差异.其中经高、低温胁迫辣椒叶片中可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量大幅度提高,丙二醛含量明显下降,根系活力增强的品种,其耐热或抗寒能力强.综合评判表明耐寒性较强的品种有:苏椒五号,南早x6,A×1,A×W,y×1;耐热性较强的品种有:皖椒四号,A×2,A×1,x×11,x×2;既耐热又耐寒的品种有:x×2,A×1.     

水杨酸浸种对NaCl胁迫下辣椒种子活力及抗盐性的影响

以辣椒种子为实验材料,用不同浓度的水杨酸（SA）浸种和对辣椒幼苗进行根部处理,研究100mmol／LNaCl胁迫对辣椒种子活力及抗盐性的影响．结果表明：一定浓度SA可以缓解辣椒种子盐害,提高其发芽率、发芽势,保护细胞膜的通透性,降低种子浸出液电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量,缓解辣椒幼苗细胞膜脂过氧化．但超过一定浓度的SA则会抑制辣椒种子的萌发,使种子浸出液电导率和丙二醛含量升高．     

索氏提取指天椒中辣椒碱类化合物的工艺研究

用石油醚作溶剂,用索氏提取法提取指天椒中的辣椒碱类化合物,考察了指天椒含水量、指天椒粒度等因素对辣椒碱类化合物提取率的影响,并使用正交试验方法得到索氏提取的最佳工艺条件：虹吸次数30、提取时间3 h、液固比为5 mL.g-1、提取温度55℃,结果表明在最佳条件下索氏提取辣椒碱类化合物提取率可达到90.90%。