茶树中咖啡酰辅酶A氧甲基转移酶的基因克隆及其催化活性研究(英文)

目的:从茶树中克隆一种可以催化表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)生成甲基化EGCG的酶——咖啡酰辅酶A氧甲基转移酶(CCo AOMT),实现甲基化EGCG的酶学合成,为甲基化EGCG的进一步开发利用提供理论依据和技术指导。创新点:本研究首次从茶树中克隆了一条CCo AOMT基因组序列;分析了CCo AOMT基因在不同茶树品种和不同成熟度茶鲜叶中的基因表达规律;证明了CCo AOMT具有催化合成甲基化EGCG的生物活性。方法:采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和序列分析获得CCo AOMT的编码序列和基因组序列;采用高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱技术(HPLC-QTOF-MS)分析酶促反应生成的甲基化EGCG产物(图4);采用实时荧光定量PCR分析CCo AOMT基因的表达差异(图5)。结论:本研究从茶树中克隆了CCo AOMT基因的编码序列(738 bp)和基因组序列(2678 bp),明确了该基因具有4个内含子和5个外显子;揭示了CCo AOMT可以催化EGCG生成EGCG4"Me、EGCG3"Me和EGCG3’Me等多种甲基化产物;证明了CCo AOMT具有催化生成甲基化EGCG的活性;并发现该基因的表达量高低与茶鲜叶的成熟度呈正相关关系。     

叶立德环丙烷化和环氧化反应的立体化学控制

主要研究了硫、碲叶立德环丙烷化和环氧化反应的立体化学控制。通过添加剂、手性辅基、手性试剂等 3种策略,分别控制反应的非对映选择性和对映选择性。对烯丙基硫叶立德的不对称环氧化反应也进行了初步研究     

Ce/Cu0.5Mn0.5/SBA-15催化剂及其甲苯催化燃烧性能研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ce/Cu0.5Mn0.5/SBA-15催化剂,用X-射线衍射（XRD）和程序升温还原（TPR）等现代分析测试手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征,在常压固定床反应器上评价了催化剂的甲苯催化燃烧性能.结果表明,所有催化剂仍然保持SBA-15的介孔结构特征,催化活性组分Cu和Mn分别以CuO和MnO2的物相形式存在,添加适量的催化助剂CeO2后活性组分Cu和Mn以高分散状态存在,从而提高催化活性.当Cu0.5Mn0.5的含量为12%、Ce的含量为3.5%时,催化剂具有最好的活性,甲苯在480℃可完全催化燃烧消除.甲苯浓度较高,空速较大,甲苯转化率下降.     

双波长双指示剂催化光度法同时测定锰和铜

研究了在pH4．5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,利用痕量铜和锰同时催化高碘酸钾氧化亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的褪色的指示反应,分别在660nrn和540nm波长下测量催化体系和非催化体系的吸光度,建立了双指示剂、双波长催化动力学光度法下测定痕量铜和锰的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,用固定时间法,测得的铜和锰线性范围分别为：0．0050～0．025μg／mL,0．0010~0．020μg／mL;检出限分别为：3．3×10^-10g／mL,7．6×10^-11g／mL。该法操作简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于实际样品头发和大米中痕量铜和锰的测定,结果令人满意。     

Catalytic dechlorination and detoxification of 1-（2-chlorophenyl） ethanol by Pd/Fe

1-（2-chlorophenyl） ethanol （CPE） is of health and environmental concern due to its toxicity and its use as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The current work deals with the catalytic reductive dechlorination and detoxification of CPE by Pd/Fe bimetal. CPE was effectively dechlorinated to l-phenyl ethanol （PE） accompanied by the equivalent release of chloride. The extent of CPE dechlorination increased with temperature, Fe dosage and Pd loading. A decrease in solution pH increased CPE dechlorination, resulting presumably from an increase in hydrogen production. Under the specific conditions of 20 g/L Pd/Fe, 0.10% Pd （w/w） and initial pH 5-6, the CPE dechlorination was completed within 145 rain. The dechlorination followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 56.7 kJ/mol. The results of toxicity testing showed that CPE was very toxic to Chlorella, whereas PE showed little toxicity. The toxicity of the reaction solution declined gradually and the promoting effects on Chlorella intensified consequently with the dechlorination process. Thus, the reductive dechlorination of CPE to PE by Pd/Fe was a detoxification process. It may be used to effectively reduce the toxicological effects of CPE-contaminated wastewater, thereby enhancing the performance of subsequent biological processes in wastewater treatment.     

Attrition resistant catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis in fluidized-bed reactor

Fluidized-bed reactor is a candidate for dimethyl ether （DME） synthesis from syngas because of its excellent heat removal capability. In order to improve the attrition resistance of catalyst, an amount of silica sol as binder was added to the catalyst composed of methanol synthesis component CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 and methanol dehydration component HZSM-5, which was prepared by coprecipitation and shaped by spray drying to get spherical particles. The effect of silica sol on the catalytic activity was investigated in a fixed-bed flow microreactor. Based on the experiment results, silica sol in the range of 0-20wt% had small effect on the catalytic activity. Generally, the CO conversion and DME yield decreased with the increase in concentration of silica sol, while the attrition resistance of catalysts increased with increasing silica sol, indicating that it was feasible to improve the attrition resistance without greatly sacrificing the activity of catalyst. In addition, the characterizations of catalysts were carried out using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and temperature programmed reduction （TPR）.     

FTIR研究TC—114对环氧树脂固化的催化作用

用FTIR“原位”技术,研究TC—114偶联剂对环氧E—44和二氨基二苯基甲烷(DDM)固化反应的催化作用,得出固化程度与时间的关系曲线.结果表明,催化作用明显.     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量钯

本文发现了在磷酸——磷酸=氢钾缓冲溶液（pH=2.0）中,痕量钯（Ⅱ）催化次磷酸钠还原亚甲基蓝褪色为指示反应,建立了痕量钯的动力学光度分析新方法,方法的最低检测限为4.92×10~(-8)g/ml,方法应用于模拟试样的测定,结果满意。     

催化光度法测定食品中的痕量铁

通过研究铁(Ⅲ)对过氧化氢劳氏青莲褪色反应的催化作用及其动力学条件,从而得出痕量铁(Ⅲ)的催化光度法检出限为1.8×10-9g/ml.     

烯烃复分解反应--2005年诺贝尔化学奖综述

烯烃复分解反应是指在金属卡宾化合物的催化作用下,烯烃里的碳—碳双键被拆散、交换、重组,形成新分子的过程。法国的肖万提出了烯烃复分解反应的基本机制;美国的施罗克和格拉布二人继承和发展了肖万的烯烃复分解反应机制,研制出了有效、实用的催化剂。新的合成过程更简单快捷,生产效率更高,副产品更少,产生的有害废物也更少,有利于保护环境,每天都惠及人类。