Adolescents’ motives for selling sex in a welfare state – A Swedish national study

In addition to money or other compensation, other motives for selling sex may be important in a welfare country such as Sweden. The aim of this study was to carry out an exploratory investigation of adolescents’ motives for selling sex in a population-based survey in Sweden. A total of 5839 adolescents from the third year of Swedish high school, mean age 18.0 years, participated in the study. The response rate was 59.7% and 51 students (0.9%) reported having sold sex. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify groups of adolescents according to underlying motives for selling sex. Further analyses were carried out for characteristics of selling sex and risk factors. Three groups of adolescents were categorized according to their motives for selling sex: Adolescents reporting; 1) Emotional reasons, being at a greater risk of sexual abuse, using sex as a means of self-injury and having a non-heterosexual orientation. 2) Material but no Emotional reasons, who more often receive money as compensation and selling sex to a person over 25 years of age, and 3) Pleasure or no underlying motive for selling sex reported, who were mostly heterosexual males selling sex to a person under 25 years of age, the buyer was not known from the Internet, the reward was seldom money and this group was less exposed to penetrative sexual abuse or using sex as a means of self-injury. In conclusion, adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives.     

Neighborhood crime undermines parenting: Violence in the vicinity of households as a predictor of aggressive discipline

Child discipline is a central component of parent-child interactions. Evidence suggests corporal discipline impairs children’s physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development and compromises their future chances, especially since it is more frequently used against at-risk children. Using geocoded data for 1209 children under the age of five and their mothers, this study analyses the relation between the occurrence of crimes in close proximity to households in four major urban municipalities of Colombia and a particularly violent corporal discipline practice: hitting children with objects. Results indicate that exposure to violent crimes, such as homicides and personal injuries, predicts a higher probability of hitting children with objects, even after controlling for a set of individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics. Sensitivity analyses suggest violent crimes are not related to other discipline methods, and less threatening crimes, such as robbery and drug trafficking, are not associated with hitting children with objects. These findings suggest households’ walls are permeable, and outside threats may interfere with families’ dynamics and well-being. Future directions and implications are discussed.     

A longitudinal investigation of protective factors for bereaved maltreated youth

BackgroundMaltreated youth are at an elevated risk for the development of problem behaviors. Coping with the death of a family member or close friend during adolescence, referred to as bereavement, is a stressful event that could potentiate risk linked to maltreatment. However, developmental research suggests that youth adjustment is a product of multiple risk and protective factors. Although maltreated youth who experience loss may be particularly vulnerable to behavior problems, personal and contextual factors may attenuate or exacerbate youths’ risk for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.ObjectiveThe overarching goal of this study is to examine individual, family, and community-level protective factors for maltreated youth who experience bereavement. Specifically, we aim to examine the effect of age 12 bereavement on age 16 internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and to investigate the moderating role of multi-level protective factors at ages 14 and 16.MethodsThe study consisted of a sample of 800 youth (52.4% female, 45.1% African-American) drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), collected from 1998 to 2011.ResultsMaltreated youth who experienced significant loss were at increased risk for externalizing symptoms, compared to non-bereaved maltreated youth (β = 0.085, p < .05). Individual future orientation (β = 0.103, p < .05) family future orientation (β = −0.120, p < .05), parental monitoring (β = −0.123, p< .01), and neighborhood collective efficacy (β = −0.126, p < .01) each significantly moderated the association between bereavement and externalizing symptoms.ConclusionsThese results have implications for future interventions aimed towards reducing problem behaviors in adolescents with a history of child maltreatment and who experience bereavement.     

大学生体育活动兴趣与健身效应探讨

通过对大学生体育活动兴趣的调查与分析,探讨体育活动兴趣对增进大学生身心健康的积极作用与效应。实验表明:对体育有明显兴趣的学生较对照组的心理特征和心理负荷效应、身体素质有显著性差异。     

趣味性融入数学课堂教学方法初探

中小学数学课程要求:“必须使学生形成勇于探索,勇于创新的科学精神”。现结合自己的教学实践,谈谈把创新与数学的趣味性和实践性引入课堂的看法。     

多媒体辅助《宾馆英语》教学

多媒体以其直观、活泼、真实、有趣、内容丰富、信息量大的优势赢得学生青睐。本文探讨了多媒体在外语专业选修课《宾馆英语》教学中为学生提供的广阔学习空间。这些空间对培养学生的英语应用能力、求知能力以及创新能力起到积极的作用。     

如何培养师范生的体育兴趣

体育锻炼能增强体质,陶冶情操,丰富人们的业余文化生活。由于一部分师范生对体育学习兴趣不浓,针对这种情况本文着重论述了培养和提高师范生对体育学习兴趣的方法途径。     

西北普通高校大学生体育锻炼意识与运动兴趣的调查研究

通过对西北普通高校大学生体育锻炼意识、健康状况与运动兴趣调查分析。结果表明:大学生喜欢上体育课的 人数不到60％,相当一部分学生对体育的健身价值缺乏正确的认识,没有体育锻炼的习惯和意识;学生的体质健康状况 不近人意,必须引起有关领导的重视;学生对健身类、健美类、娱乐类和球类体育活动比较感兴趣,学校应多为研究生 提供这方面的教学和活动场所,而对田径项目的兴趣则相对不大。     

论政治课教学的导课艺术

导课是课堂教学的一个重要环节。它的主要功能在于激发学生的学习兴趣和探索欲望，使新旧学习任务之间能顺利地实现过渡衔接。为此教师应在政治课教学中精心设计好导课这一环节。     

浅谈如何培养学生学习地理的兴趣

“兴趣是最好的老师”，是成功的秘决。所以兴趣的培养尤为重要。教师要通过直观的教学和精心设计导言，增加兴趣。通过培养思维能力，巩固兴趣。运用易记的歌诀、谚语、顺口溜，增加记忆，提高兴趣。掌握技能，实现知识迁移，发展兴趣。