植物激活蛋白对拟南芥愈伤防卫反应的诱导

为探讨植物激活蛋白诱导植物防卫反应，以稀释1000倍的植物激活蛋白粗提液处理拟南芥愈伤，以稀释1000倍的pH=6、8的磷酸缓冲液作对照．测定了植物激活蛋白对拟南芥愈伤中苯丙氨酸解氨酶，多酚氧化酶，几丁质酶活性的影响、结果表明，处理后三种酶活性比对照在不同时期有所提高，从而说明植物激活蛋白能诱导拟南芥愈伤的抗痛性．     

Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride

INTRODUCTION Rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) are two serious plantdiseases in China. Rice cultivars with high level and durable resistance to these two pathogens are noteasy to obtain by traditional breeding methods due to the lack of germplasm resistant to R. solani and the high genetic diversity of M. grisea. Cell wall degrading enzyme (CWDE) genes from biocontrol fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma have been demonstrated to encode …     

Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma atroviride</Emphasis>

Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs),ech42, nag70 andglu78 from the biocontrol fungusTrichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305.2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants. More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations (for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations) were obtained. Theech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused byRhizoctonia solani, while the exochitinase-encoding gene,nag70, had lesser effect. The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance. Nevertheless, exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics. Resistance toMagnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with singlegluc78. A few lines expressing eitherech42 ornag70 gene were immune to the disease. Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level. This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs fromTrichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice. Project (No. 3997002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

灰斑古毒蛾核型多角体病毒几丁质酶基因及其分子进化

通过对构建的灰斑古毒蛾Orgyia ericae单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(OrerSNPV)基因组DNA的EcoRI酶切片段质粒文库的测序分析,在EcoRI—J片段(6．4kb)中鉴定出了编码几丁质酶(ChiA)基因开放阅读框(ORF),chiA基因编码区由1695bp组成,编码564个氨基酸,预计蛋白质分子量为62kD。这也是首次在基因序列水平上研究OrerSNPV。将OrerSNPV ChiA氨基酸序列与其它已知的18种杆状病毒ChiA氨基酸序列联配比较,结果表明OrerSNPV与其它杆状病毒ChiA氨基酸有60．3—69．5％同源性,其中与BmNPV、CfDEFNPV和LdMNPV的同源性最高。根据氨基酸序列绘制的分子进化树表明杆状病毒chiA基因至少可以分为SlMNPV、GV和其它NPV三个分支,OrerSNPV与LdMNPV在进化树上关系最为接近。     

Analysis of both chitinase and chitosanase produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphingomonas</Emphasis> sp. CJ-5

A novel chitinolytic and chitosanolytic bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. CJ-5, has been isolated and characterized. It secretes both chitinase and chitosanase into surrounding medium in response to chitin or chitosan induction. To characterize the enzymes, both chitinase and chitosanase were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated molecular masses of chitinase and chitosanase were 230 kDa and 45 kDa respectively. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for chitinase were about pH 7.0 and 36 °C, and these for chitosanase were pH 6.5 and 56 °C, respectively. Both enzymes were quite stable up to 45 °C for one hour at pH 5~8. These results show that CJ-5 may have potential for industrial application particularly in recycling of chitin wastes.     

Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride

Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), ech42, nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305.2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants. More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations (for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations) were obtained. The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, while the exochitinase-encoding gene, nag70, had lesser effect. The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance. Nevertheless, exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics. Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78. A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease. Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level. This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice.