The Russian avant-garde painting palette: Documentary and physicochemical codification of organic colorants

In the present article an attempt is made to elucidate the organic colorants commonly encountered in the Russian avant-garde painting palette by a combined art historical, documentary and physicochemical investigation, and to examine the influence of environmental factors on the chromatic profile originally sought by the artist. The overall approach based on written sources is confirmed by measurements on relevant paintings. The documentary research deals with the influences of Orthodox iconography, folkloric art, and occidental modernist tendencies on the Russian avant-garde palette, and studies the effects of contradictory historical processes in the chromatic profile of individual paintings. In the experimental section a series of colorants are investigated concerning the effects of accelerated ageing on experimental painting tables, prepared as watercolor and gouache layers on paper ground. The resulting samples are subjected to colorimetric and spectroscopic measurements, and analogous analytical procedures are applied on samples taken from selected paintings. A systematic comparative study of all data permits evaluation of the materials used in terms of their stability towards extrinsic factors, and proposal of degradation routes in order to assist museum curators and conservators in every concrete case related to the broad spectrum of pigments examined.     

一类图的伴随多项式的因式分解及色性分析

我们通过研究图的伴随多项式的因式分解，得到了一类图的色等价图的结构特征．     

关于Sn＋Fn和Sn＋Wn的均匀全染色

对于图G的正常k-全染色f称为G（V,E）的k-均匀全染色,当且仅当任意2个色类中的元素总数至多相差1.χet（G）=min{k｜G有k-均匀全染色}称为图G的均匀全色数.利用均匀边染色的相关结论,讨论并得到了图Sn＋Fn和Sn＋Wn的均匀全色数.     

关于色等价图簇的注记

利用伴随多项式理论做出了文（２）中定理１的简化证明，并推广了此结果。     

P_n、C_n和S_n的r(2)点染色

提出了图的r(2)点染色的概念,研究了路Pn、环Cn、星Sn的r(2)点染色问题,并得到了它们的r(2)点色数.     

关于联图P_n∨C_n的邻点可区别的均匀全染色

一个图G的全染色被称为邻点可区别的如果满足图G中任意两个相邻点所关联的元素所染的色的集合不同.一个图的邻点可区别的全染色被称为均匀的如果满足任意两色所染元素的数目之差的绝对值不超过1.本文研究了联图P_n∨C_n的邻点可区别的均匀全染色并证明它满足邻点可区别的均匀全染色猜想.     

关于不可约的T形树图

具有度序列的树图称为Ｔ形树。本文证明了一簇Ｔ形树是不可约的，从而证明了它们的补图的色唯一性。     

S类图簇的伴随多项式的因式分解

利用图的伴随多项式的因式分解的图论方法,即挖顶补点法和割路加圈法对S类图簇的伴随多项式进行了因式分解．     

Consolidation and chromatic reintegration of historical renders with lime-based pozzolanic products

Abstract

Historical renders are exposed to several degradation processes that can lead to a wide range of anomalies, such as scaling, detachments, and pulverization. Among the common anomalies, the loss of cohesion and of adhesion are usually identified as the most difficult to repair; these anomalies still need to be deeply studied to design compatible, durable, and sustainable conservation treatments. The restitution of render cohesion can be achieved using consolidating products. Nevertheless, repair treatments could induce aesthetic alterations, and, therefore, are usually followed by chromatic reintegration. This work aims to study the effectiveness of mineral products as consolidants for lime-based mortars and simultaneously as chromatic treatments for pigmented renders. The studied consolidating products are prepared by mixing air lime, metakaolin, water, and mineral pigments. The idea of these consolidating and coloring products rises from a traditional lime-based technique, the limewash, widely diffused in southern Europe and in the Mediterranean area. Consolidating products were applied and tested on lime-based mortar specimens with a low binder–aggregate ratio and therefore with reduced cohesion. A physico-mechanical, microstructural, and mineralogical characterization was performed on untreated and treated specimens, in order to evaluate the efficacy and durability of the treatments. Accelerated aging tests were also performed to assess consolidant durability, when subjected to aggressive conditions. Results showed that the consolidants tested are compatible, effective, and possess good durability.     

关于联图PnVCn的邻点可区别的均匀全染色

一个图G的全染色被称为邻点可区别的如果满足图G中任意两个相邻点所关联的元素所染的色的集合不同.一个图的邻点可区别的全染色被称为均匀的如果满足任意两色所染元素的数目之差的绝对值不超过1.本文研究了联图PnVCn的邻点可区别的均匀全染色并证明它满足邻点可区别的均匀全染色猜想.