伞形科植物染色体数目报告

In the present paper, chromosome numbers are reported for 33 species and varieties of Chinese Umbelliferae which belong to 17 genera in the subfamily Api- oideae.  Chromosome number of each species is shown in Table I.  Eighteen countings are newly reported.  Chromatin bridges and fragments were observed at anaphase I in some materials.  It is suggested that the fertility reduction in some species is due to the chromosome aberrations.     

中国罗汉果植物染色体数目观察

A cytological study reveals the chromosome number of 2n=28 for Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang from Yongfu County,  Guangxi  (fig. 1), which is different from the previous report of 2n=24 (Zou Qi-li et al. 1980).  The vou- cher is deposited in the herbarium of Commission for Integrated Survey of Natural Resources,Academia Sinica.     

秦岭十四种藓类植物的染色体观察

本文以藓类植物的幼嫩孢蒴为材料，对秦岭地区14种藓类植物的染色体作了观察，并对其中的长尖提灯藓进行了核型分析。结果如下：细叶真藓Bryum capillare L.ex Hedw．n＝10；长尖提灯藓Mnium lycopodioides Schwaegr．n＝6，核型公式为n＝6＝3m+3sm(1SAT)侧枝匍灯藓Plagiomnium  maximoviczii(Lindb．)T．Kop．n＝6；梨蒴珠藓皱叶变种Bartramia pomiformis  var．elongata Turn. n=10+2m；细枝羽藓Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Mitt. n=11；尖叶羽藓Thuidium philibortii Limpr. n=10+1m；褐黄水灰藓Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Wils.) Loesk. n=10；钩枝镰刀藓Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. n=7+3m； 黄叶细湿藓Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid.) J. Lange. n=10；林地青藓Brachythecium starkei (Brid.) B. S. G. n=16；多褶青藓 Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) Jaeg. n=6；扁枝小锦藓Brotherella yokohamae (Broth.) Broth. n=9+2m； 粗枝藓Gollania neckerella (C. Mull.) Broth. n=7； 暖地金发藓, Pogonatum fastigiatum Mitt. n=7；其中粗枝藓和扁枝小锦藓的染色体数尚未见报道；林地青藓和多褶青藓的染色体数与所见报道的结果不同：其余10种与前人报道的结果一致。     

双花木属和壳菜果属(金缕梅科)的核型研究

 本文对金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae双花木属Disanthus Maxim．的长柄双花木D．cercidifolius subsp．longipes和单种属壳菜果属Mytilaria Lec.首次进行了染色体计数和核型分析。结果表明：长柄双花木与产自日本的双花木D. cercidifolius subsp．cercidifolius的体细胞染色体数目一致，均为2n＝16，前者无“st”或“t”染色体，表明该亚种可能比较原始；壳菜果Mytilaria laosensis Lec．的染色体数目为2n＝26，x=13。前人报道的金缕梅科染色体基数为x＝8和x＝12，因此x＝13可能是金缕梅科的一个新染色体基数。联系该属的形态特征及其与马蹄荷属Exbucklandia R．W．Brown的关系，作者支持将壳菜果属处理为独立的亚科，即壳菜果亚科Mytilarioideae。     

四合木属系统地位的研究

 四合木属Tetraena Maxim．   是内蒙古自治区西部和亚洲中部荒漠区东部的特有属，也是珍稀   濒危植物。前人曾对该属的系统地位做过一些研究，但观点不一。作者通过对该属的研究历史、雌蕊、   果实、花粉粒、染色体等的综合研究后，建议将该属从TaxTaЛЖЯН系统(1987)蒺藜科的霸王亚科中分   出，成立一个新亚科——四合木亚科。本文还编写了蒺藜科(狭义的)分亚科检索表。  四合木属的系统   地位是：芸香目蒺藜科四合木亚科四合木属。     

毛茛科金莲花族和升麻族细胞学的比较研究

对毛茛科金莲花族Trolliese和升麻族Cimicifugeae的细胞学进行了比较研究。发现驴蹄草Caltha palustris L．在云南西北部形成一个多倍体系列(2n=32，48，64)，四倍体细胞型(2n=4x=32)较为常见，其核型有明显的居群间变异。驴蹄草属Caltha、鸡爪草属Calathodes、Megaleranthis以及金莲花属Trollius的染色体在大小上基本相似，都属于中等大小的R-型染色体。细胞学和花粉学证据都支持鸡爪草属与Megaleranthis和金莲花属有较近的亲缘关系。铁破锣属Beesia、Anemonopsis、黄三七属Souliea、升麻属Cimicifuga以及类叶升麻属Actaea的核型彼此基本相似，在染色体大小和形态上都与驴蹄草属、鸡瓜草属、Megaleranthis以及金莲花属的核型明显有别。细胞学证据表明铁破锣属应是升麻族中的成员。     

辽宁沙参属两个种的补记及染色体数目

 此文包括了缢花沙参Adenophora contracta (Kitag．)  J．  Z．  Qu  et  Hong 和松叶沙参 A．pinifolia Kitag．两个种。在过去，前者曾被处理为石沙参的变种(A.polyantha Nakai var．contracta Kitag．)。本文通过对它的地理分布、植物体形态和细胞学特征的研究，发现它相当独特。所以，把它处理为种的等级A．contracta (Kitag．) J．Z．Qu. et Hong。后者，曾被洪德元(1983)处理为存疑种。在此被确认为独立的种。     

柽柳属植物的染色体数目

The chromosome number of thirteen species of Tamarix L. in China is re- ported in this paper.  All of them have the same number (2n=24) and most of them are reported for the first time except T. hispida, whose chromosome number is the same as previously reported.     

蜘蛛抱蛋属(百合科)的细胞分类学研究(1)——四川七个种的核型

In the work mitotic chromosomes in root-tips of 7 species native to Sichuan Pro- vince were examined and their karyotypes were analysed based on 7-8 cells at mitotic meta- phase, using Levan et al.'s (1964) nomenclature. The list of species and origin of the materials used in this work are provided in the appendix.  The micrographs of mitotic metaphase of all the materials are shown in Plates 1 and 2; the idiograms in Fig. 1, 1-9, and the parameters of chromosomes are provided in Tables 1-9.  All the chromosome countings and karyotypes in this paper are reported for the first time.      Characteristics of the karyotypes may be summarized as follows:      1.  2n=38 are found in all the materials except A. sichuanensis, which has 3 cytotypes, i.e, 2n=38+5B, 2n=38+lB and 2n=38+OB (Plate 2, 1-2, Fig. 1, 5-6).      2.  The karyotypes are of two major types: the karyotype of A. flaviflora falls into 3C in Stebbins's (1958, 197l) classification of karyotypes and those of all the other species into 2C. The two types are also different from each other in the number of large and medium-sized chromosomes pairs and morphology of the first pair of chromosomes (compare Plate 2, 5, Fig. 1, 9 with the other micrographs and idiograms).A. flaviflora with the karyotype 3C also differs from the other species in a series of gross morphological characters: the species is of a yellow and campanulate corolla.      3.  The species with caespitose leaves (A. caespitosa and A. omeiensis) have essentially the same karyotype, which is rather different from those of the species with scattered leaves. There are two pairs of small sm chromosomes (arm ratio ≥1.90) in the former karyotype (Tables 1 and 3), but all the small chromosomes are m or sm with arm ratio <1.80 in the latter karyotypes.     

安徽岳西鹞落坪自然保护区文县疣螈的染色体组型分析

染色体组型具有物种的特异性,它们在遗传过程中是稳定的,研究各种动物的染色体组型,其染色体数目、形态等特征可作为鉴定动物种类的指标。以文县疣螈的精巢和肠上皮为材料,制备了文县疣螈精巢细胞有丝分裂染色体和肠上皮细胞有丝分裂染色体的标本,分析染色体组型,结果表明,文县疣螈体细胞染色体数2n=24,NF=48,可配成12对同源染色体,其中9对是中部着丝粒染色体,2对是亚中部着丝粒染色体,1对是亚端部着丝粒染色体,未发现异形染色体对。