Reconceptualising educational assessment in South Africa — testing times for teachers

This paper explores some of the problems arising when Continuous Assessment (CA) is grafted onto established pedagogic practices. It focuses on three issues: teachers' restricted understandings of assessment, teachers' emphasis on criteria that demonstrate concern with social control, and some of the problems connected with peer assessment. Two vignettes derived from fieldwork associated with a project to improve the quality of primary education are used to raise the issues. We argue that the development of desired practices is hampered above all by tacit values in tension with those underpinning the new curriculum. These values, together with the complexity of curriculum design, create serious problems of manageability and interpretation, which can only be addressed through detailed interactive in-service training, aimed at reconceptualising teachers' notions of assessment.     

关于我国篮球文化的一些思考

阐述篮球文化的概念、演进、分类体系、产业、民族性,以及中美篮球文化的异同等问题。指出篮球文化的形成基础是篮球运动实践,篮球文化不仅对民族精神和人生境界的提升具有特殊价值,而且这种文化功能也是实现经济发展的必备内容和支撑力量。篮球文化在小至个体、单位,大到凝聚国家民族精神,经济振兴、事业发展中显示其特殊功能。提出学风不正和虚无是我国篮球文化形成与发展的首要障碍。     

体育教学心理环境及其优化

体育教学心理环境影响到体育教学工作的效果。其要素包括：体育教学思想和体育教学目标；体育教学内容和体育教学活动；体育教学中的心理关系；体育教学风气和体育教学常规；体育教学评价。对这些要素逐一分析，并提出优化体育教学心理环境若干策略。     

图书馆软环境发凡(下)

图书馆应当拥有自己的精神资源。图书馆应当营造自己的精神家园。原因是：图书馆的发展光靠管理与制度体系的完善，仍然是不能独善其身的，精神动力的领军作用不可或缺。     

Instructional methods and languages in class: A comparison of two teaching approaches and two teaching languages in the field of intercultural learning

The article presents the results of a quasi-experimental intervention study with a 2 × 2 factorial design. We implemented a problem-based intercultural learning unit in four secondary schools (grades 9 to 12) and varied the teaching approach (analytical/affective-experiential) and the language of instruction (German/English). The learning unit covered six 45-min lessons and was conducted in nine school courses (n = 143). Five additional school courses (n = 66) served as a control group. In all experimental groups, students engaged with critical incidents. These were either analysed (analytical focus) or acted out as role plays (affective-experiential focus). In addition, students analysed film clips (analytical focus) or participated in a simulation game (affective-experiential focus). The experimental groups outperformed the control group in the post-test, which required the analysis of critical incidents. Both teaching approaches were equally effective; however, students evaluated affective-experiential learning more positively. Using a foreign language for teaching did not impair performance.     

Global convergence or national variation? Examining national patterns of classroom instructional practices

The world culture framework posits a convergence in the organisation of education across the world. On the other hand, scholars observing teaching practices inside classrooms find significant variation among nations and regions of the world. This study examined the global change patterns of classroom practices at the between- and within-country levels, drawing on teacher reports from the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study. Results indicate clear between-country convergence toward more student-centred and conceptual instruction. But a nation’s degree of conformity or resistance to this model was contingent upon other nation-specific factors, including centralised curriculum control or world regional location.     

培养高技能人才与营造学习型组织氛围

高技能人才是指既有比较高的理论素养与知识水平,又具有比较强的操作能力与实践经验的复合人才。由于种种原因,我国目前高技能人才尚严重缺乏,营造学习型组织和高技能人才培养的良好氛围是解决这一问题的有效途径。     

The Combined Effects of Instructor Communicative Behaviors,Instructor Credibility,and Student Personality Traits on Incivility in the College Classroom

This study investigated the combined role of instructor communication variables (nonverbal immediacy and self-disclosure), instructor credibility (competence, caring, and trustworthiness), and student personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) in predicting students’ uncivil behaviors in class. A total of 406 students completed online questionnaires regarding the instructor of the class they attended prior to the one in which the study was administered. Personality and instructor behavior variables contributed approximately equally to explaining variance in student incivility. Students’ conscientiousness and agreeableness had direct negative relationships with incivility, whereas instructors’ amount and negativity of self-disclosure had direct positive relationships with incivility.     

对课堂教学设计中教学目标阐明的思考

教学目标阐明在整个课堂教学设计中占据着很重要的地位。该文在概述教学目标阐明的已有研究后,反思了新的时代背景下教学目标阐明中存在的主要问题,并对此提出了个人的思考。     

沈阳市大气环境质量及治理概述

沈阳市大气环境污染是以烟尘和二氧化硫为主要污染物的煤烟型污染，多年来全市污染物超标严重。本文论述了超标的多项原因及沈阳市治理环境污染的一系列措施。