Communication channels within ethnic groups

Major channels of communication are examined for two major functions: providing news of the ethnic community, and linking ethnics to the “mother country.” The four major channels are: interpersonal channels (friends and neighbors), radio, local metropolitan daily newspapers, and ethnic-language newspapers. Size of ethnic group is linked to channel preference, and greater ethnicity is related to a preference for ethnic media for both functions. Lower SES ethnics lend to rely more on interpersonal communication and ethnic media, while higher SES ethnics turn more to metro media and magazines. Channel preference as indicated by respondents is also linked to actual usage patterns.     

美国克利夫兰市教育券诉讼案始末

美国克利夫兰市教育券诉讼案的审理和裁决过程十分复杂,历经法院的层层审理,最终由美国联邦最高法院做出判决,判决认为该教育券计划没有违背美国宪法第一修正案政教分离条款。该诉讼案由此也成为美国教育券实施过程中的一个里程碑,为之后教育券的实施奠定了法律基础。     

Calculating the Weather: Deductive Reasoning and Disciplinary Telos in Cleveland Abbe's Rhetorical Transformation of Meteorology

This paper explores the rhetorical basis of a major paradigm change in meteorology, from a focus on inductive observation to deductive, mathematical reasoning. Analysis of Cleveland Abbe's “The Physical Basis of Long-Range Weather Forecasts” demonstrates how in his advocacy for a new paradigm, Abbe navigates the tension between piety to tradition and dissent necessary for innovation through the rhetorical imagination of and appeal to a disciplinary telos. This strategy allows him to dismiss the traditions of meteorology while simultaneously creating common ground between a new paradigm and an audience of contemporary scientists whose traditions he rejects.     

Every system should have one: A collection of properties which can be used as a criterion for evaluating the quality of a system

This research paper covers what a system is and what characterizes one. The list of properties can be used to identify a system and to inspect how it measures up when tested against this checklist. Consequently, systems can be compared according to how they do on this property evaluation criterion.     

Test mode anticipation and performance: A classroom experiment

The study investigated the effect of test mode anticipation on performance in the anticipated and the unanticipated mode in four sections (same instructor) of a first-year college algebra course. To build up anticipation, students in two sections received recall tests, and students in the other two sections received recognition tests over 6 successive weeks. Following this, the test mode was changed without warning for half the students in each section. Results showed that performance suffered when the test mode was changed for students anticipating a recognition test. Students anticipating a recall test did equally well in both test modes.     

第一次委内瑞拉危机与美英关系

1895—1896年围绕委内瑞拉与英属圭亚那领土争端而爆发的第一次委内瑞拉危机，是美国外交史和美英关系史上的一个重大事件。美国政府不仅主导了危机的解决，而且通过所谓调解争端进一步扩展了门罗主义的范围，确立了自己在美洲的霸权地位。     

The Importance of “Focusness”: Focus Groups as a Means of Collection Management Assessment

ABSTRACT

In order to assess the Library's collection, the Collection Development Assessment Team at Cleveland State University used focus groups to complement the information gathered in LibQUAL+?. Groups of undergraduates, graduates, and faculty participated in four separate focus groups. All groups reported they were essentially satisfied with the collection but also wanted better local collections and used OhioLINK to supplement their research; fewer users also utilized the rich resources of the public library systems. In keeping with previous surveys, all groups wanted more full-text available electronically, faster access to materials, and a more navigable website. It appeared that the more sophisticated the user, the more satisfied they were with the collection. The Special Collections focus group would like to have more materials digitized, improved accessibility to the collection and website, and increased interaction with the community to heighten awareness of the collection and in order to gather more primary materials for the collection.     

Looking at Losing: Presentations of the Media's Narrative of the Cleveland Browns’ Relocation

On November 6, 1995, Art Modell announced his intention to relocate the National Football League's (NFL) Cleveland Browns to Baltimore following the season. After 4 months of civic activism from Cleveland's community and legal action from the city's politicians, Cleveland, the NFL and Modell agreed to a deal that allowed the long-time owner to honour his contract with Baltimore and simultaneously provided a NFL club to Cleveland to begin play in 1999. This settlement was unique because it allowed Cleveland to retain the naming rights, colours, logo and, most significantly, the history of the Browns. Media presentations of Modell's announcement during the 4-month period illuminated a complex symbiotic relationship between the press, the public and sports entrepreneurs. The local media castigated and vilified Modell for betraying Cleveland's community and disturbing the city's supposed ‘renaissance’, while the national media connected with Cleveland as a leading member of the dilapidated ‘Rustbelt’ in the new American economy. These interconnections led fans, followers and other pundits of the NFL to question the actions of football entrepreneurs and provided a platform at the turn-of-the twenty-first century for sustained criticism of the business of professional sports, franchise relocation and the widening social class divide in the NFL.     

公共图书馆精神的践行模式初探——基于克利夫兰公共图书馆的个案分析

《联合国教科文组织公共图书馆宣言1994》中阐述的公共图书馆精神,我们应该予以遵循、宣传和践行。文章基于克利夫兰公共图书馆的个案分析,提出了公共图书馆精神的建构框架,强调公共图书馆精神的实践性。