语言交际中合作原则的违反

格赖斯的合作原则在解释人类言语交际活动中起重大的作用。格赖斯认为说话人和听话人的双方都应遵守合作原则。但是在实际言语交际中，总存在合作原则违反的现象。论文以语言学理论为依据，对合作原则理论及合作原则在言语交际中违反的原因及运用进行阐述和分析。     

模糊限制语的合作原则分析

合作原则,作为一个重要的会话原则,在言语交际中被交际双方广泛地遵守着。但是,有时出于具体的交际需要和交际目的,也有很多违反合作原则的情况出现。本文运用合作原则对一个重要的语言现象——模糊限制语进行了语用分析。从合作原则的四个准则方面对模糊限制语进行了具体的分析,指出,为了达到交际目的,交际双方不得不使用一些模糊限制语,这看似违反了合作原则,其实是对合作原则的竭力遵守。     

协同进化多目标优化算法在车间调度中的应用

针对车间调度问题计算复杂度较高的特点,将协同进化多目标优化算法应用于车间调度问题。计算实例结果表明,协同进化多目标优化算法应用于车间调度问题不仅可以优化效果,而且能够在一定程度上提高计算效率。     

从对格莱斯"合作原则"的违反谈禅宗公案中的语言哲学

语言哲学家格莱斯提出解释语言间接性的合作原则及其准则虽然具有相当的普遍性,但也受到不少批评。在解释不同语言背景下的言语活动时,他有一定的局限性,特别是文化背景与西方相差甚远的中国。中国禅宗公案中的对话,体现出来的含义反映了语言思想跨越时空鸿沟的语境特征。通过探讨禅宗公案中对格莱斯合作原则的不经意的违反,试图探讨其有别于西方会话原则的自身特点。     

Inclusive educational leadership to establish a co-operative school cluster trust? Exploring perspectives and making links with leadership for learning

ABSTRACT

One remarkable feature of the contemporary school landscape in England is the number of schools that have chosen the co-operative framework to shape their work and relationships. When a group of schools decides to become a co-operative trust, leadership challenges arise both in the process of establishing an inclusive collaborative cluster and in living out co-operative values. To add to the limited literature on co-operative school leadership, a study in a school cluster trust explored headteachers’, governors’ and teachers’ perspectives and beliefs through interviews, group discussions and questionnaires. These data sources revealed some of the motivations for, benefits of, and strategies to support inter-school collaboration guided by the co-operative values of democracy, solidarity, equality, equity, self-help and self-responsibility. Importantly, a range of perspectives on the extent to which leadership was viewed as, and appeared to be, an inclusive practice undertaken by all members of the cluster was identified. A particular contribution of this work is that it exemplifies resonances between the values and principles of the co-operative movement and those of the Leadership for Learning framework. Since these two models are being increasingly adopted and integrated into a variety of educational settings, the research findings may inform leadership practice more widely.     

生态出版产业内涵研究

生态出版产业是传统出版产业发展的目标。提出生态出版产业的概念,对生态出版产业的内涵进行研究。生态出版产业具有以下鲜明特征:以和谐的生态功能为目标,以出版生态系统的承载力为基础,以丰富的出版多样性为核心,以高效率的出版过程为标志,以完善的出版生态网络为保障,并保持与社会的协同进化。     

基于聚集密度的协同进化多目标优化算法

为了改善协同进化多目标优化算法性能,引入了聚集密度对超级个体集合进行更新。其基本思想是：首先计算种群中各个体的聚集密度,再定义一个偏序集,然后根据一定的比例依次从偏序集中选择个体更新。根据数值试验和量化指标测试了新算法的收敛性与分布性。结果表明,新算法在收敛性方面与常规协同进化多目标算法相当,但其分布性获得了一定程度的改善。     

Reconceptualising the co-evolution of firms-in-industries and their environments: Developing an inter-disciplinary Triple Embeddedness Framework

This inter-disciplinary theory-building paper is motivated by the debate on grand societal challenges and by calls in the innovation studies literature for frameworks that offer a better understanding of the co-evolution of industries and their economic, political, cultural, and social environments. In response to these debates, the paper develops a new triple embeddedness framework (TEF), which conceptualizes firms-in-industries as embedded in two external (economic and socio-political) environments and in an industry regime which mediates strategic actions towards the external environments. The TEF's theoretical logic draws on the adaptation-selection debate, which suggests that the co-evolution phenomenon can be approached from two angles. With regard to (population-level) selection theories, which highlight pressures on industries from external environments, the TEF accommodates insights from evolutionary economics, neo-institutional theory, and economic sociology. With regard to (firm-level) adaptation theories, the TEF accommodates insights from externally-oriented strategy schools (economic positioning strategy, innovation strategy, corporate political strategy, discursive strategy, issue management) and internally-oriented strategy approaches (linked to knowledge/capabilities and cognition/sensemaking). The combination of insights produces a multi-dimensional framework with bi-directional interactions between firms-in-industries and their environments. Implications for the grand challenge agenda are discussed in a separate section and illustrated with examples.     

英语口语中外教师教学情况的调查、分析与结论

我院外语系共有13个班级计409名学生.2002-2003学年度第一学期各班级的英语口语全部由外教任教,第二学期全部由中国教师(简称"中教",下同)任教.外教和中教口语教学的情况如何呢?笔者为此进行了调查,发现外教和中教在口语教学中各有优劣势,而其优劣势有很强的互补性,由此得出结论:专业学生的口语应由中外教师合作任教,即合作教师任教.