Constructivisms and Relativisms: A Shopper‘s Guide

Diverse forms of constructivism can be found in the literature today. They exhibit a commonality regarding certain classical positions that they oppose - a unity in their negative identities - but a sometimes wild multiplicity and incompatibility regarding the positive proposals that they put forward. In particular, some constructivisms propose an epistemological idealism, with a concomitant relativism, while others are explicitly opposed to such positions, and move in multifarious different directions. This is a potentially confusing situation, and has resulted in some critics branding all constructivisms with the charge of relativism, and throwing out the baby with the bath water. In addition, since the epistemological foundations of even non-relativist constructivisms are not as familiar as the classical positions, there is a risk of mis-interpretation of constructivisms and their consequences, even by some who endorse them, not to mention those who criticize. Because I urge that some version of constructivism is an epistemological necessity, this situation strikes me as seriously unfortunate for philosophy, and potentially dangerous for the practice of education.     

Instructional methods and languages in class: A comparison of two teaching approaches and two teaching languages in the field of intercultural learning

The article presents the results of a quasi-experimental intervention study with a 2 × 2 factorial design. We implemented a problem-based intercultural learning unit in four secondary schools (grades 9 to 12) and varied the teaching approach (analytical/affective-experiential) and the language of instruction (German/English). The learning unit covered six 45-min lessons and was conducted in nine school courses (n = 143). Five additional school courses (n = 66) served as a control group. In all experimental groups, students engaged with critical incidents. These were either analysed (analytical focus) or acted out as role plays (affective-experiential focus). In addition, students analysed film clips (analytical focus) or participated in a simulation game (affective-experiential focus). The experimental groups outperformed the control group in the post-test, which required the analysis of critical incidents. Both teaching approaches were equally effective; however, students evaluated affective-experiential learning more positively. Using a foreign language for teaching did not impair performance.     

批评语篇分析概述

文章综述了批评语篇分析在国内外的发展状况,并列举了其中的代表人物以及他们的主要贡献。最后对其在国内外的发展状况作出评价,并预测批评语篇分析的研究前景。     

济慈的诗歌——现实主义和浪漫主义的完美结合

众所周知，作为英国学史上第二代浪漫主义诗人的杰出代表之一的济慈，其诗歌不论在形式上还是在内容上都给人留下了美的享受。然而在他的相当一部分的作品里。诗人同时采用浪漫主义和现实主义的表现手法进行创作，既艺术地描写美好的理想生活。又真实地再现当时的社会生活。本将结合诗人的某些诗篇。重点分析诗歌中的现实主义特点。     

谈魔幻现实主义文学作品的特点

魔幻现实主义学创作方法是在拉丁美洲形成和发展的。本通过分析这种创作方法的产生和一些典型的作品来研究其特点。     

基于批判性思维和创造力的我国大学生信息素养教育模式研究

信息素养、批判性思维、创造力是21世纪大学生必需掌握的核心技能,研究并揭示三者的内在影响机制,对于促进高等教育信息素养教育观念的转变,制订信息素养标准,进而优化信息素养教育模式,具有重要意义。本文采用问卷调查方法获取我国大学生信息素养、批判性思维能力和创造力状况的基本数据。通过回归分析和中介效应分析发现:信息素养、批判性思维对创造力影响显著,批判性思维在信息素养对创造力的影响中存在显著中介效应。通过路径分析发现:信息评估能力和信息利用能力通过批判性思维的中介作用更能促进创造力,信息素养通过分析能力和系统化能力更能够激发创造力,信息搜索能力通过系统化能力能够最大程度激发创造力;信息搜索能力、信息评估能力、信息利用能力是信息素养的核心能力,分析能力、系统化能力是批判性思维的核心能力。研究结果表明:在信息素养教育中融合批判性思维的培养能较大程度地提高大学生的创造力。根据调研结果及相关理论研究,本文提出融合批判性思维的信息素养教育与专业课程教育的整合模式,即ILi CTi C模式,并提出实现该模式的系统方案,以期为推进我国大学生信息素养教育提供参考。     

《故事新编》的诞生

鲁迅最后一本小说集《故事新编》的创作历经13年，分为三个阶段，其间呈现出复杂的情感变化曲线和曲折的写作心路历程，最终形成和发展了其独特的怪诞现实主义风格，表达了鲁迅对历史与现实、社会与人生、存在与叙述荒诞性的终极感悟。     

The impact of standards-based assessment on knowledge for history education in New Zealand

This paper examines how a standards-based form of assessment in operation in New Zealand has impacted upon the knowledge taught to secondary history students. The segmentation of history into assessable components along with assessment mechanisms which encourage the reduction in the number of standards being attempted has impacted upon both the breadth and range of historical content in history programmes. The reduction in knowledge is problematic as it diminishes learners’ opportunities to draw connections between inter-related historical concepts from a wider knowledge base. Social realists have raised concerns about the reduced focus on knowledge in education and its effects in restricting students’ development of conceptual knowledge which enables higher order, more abstract thinking. Experiences of standards-based assessment for history in New Zealand are indicative of this reductive phenomenon. In a culture of accountability, standards-based assessment, as enacted in New Zealand, may impede delivery of critical knowledge.     

白居易的妇女诗作解读

本文对唐代现实主义杰出诗白居易关注妇女问题的诗作进行归类解读，从贫妇、宫妇、商妇、弃妇、征妇、歌妓等几类人中，审视中国封建社会复杂的文化环境，揭示出妇女充满崎岖和痛苦的悲惨命运，进一步分析了白居易的现实主义创作观。     

科学哲学及其实在论本质的先验分析

科学哲学以及相关的自然科学在本质上是关于实在的知识。但这一结论本身只有在先验的视域中才能显示出清晰的含义,一般关于实在论的讨论也只有在先验视域中才能有逻辑的结果。然而在这一视域中的考察也表明,科学哲学的“超验性”问题又是与其实在本质直接相关的,先验哲学在研究其发生发展规律的同时又承认这一点。整个20世纪科学哲学进程都表明了一个科学的经验实在（论）的性质,同时这一进程也证实了先验哲学关于先天知识（先验逻辑）的普遍有效性的论述。