Dissociation mediates the relationship between sexual abuse and child psychological difficulties

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using structural equation modeling, a theoretical model in which dissociation is a core process mediating the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and internalizing, externalizing, and sexualized behaviour difficulties in children. A total of 290 children aged 2–12 participated in this study in Québec, Canada from 1998 to 2004, including 138 children with histories of CSA and 152 non-abused children. To assess child dissociative symptoms, internalizing and externalizing difficulties, as well as sexualized behaviour difficulties, the Child Dissociative Checklist, the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Child Sexualized Behaviour Inventory were completed by parents. Dissociation mediated the relationship between CSA and internalizing, externalizing, and sexualized behaviour difficulties, with the model explaining respectively 42.5%, 49.9% and 33.9% of the variance of these difficulties. Findings are consistent with a model where dissociation is a common pathway linking CSA and child psycho-sexual difficulties.     

钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体在解离过程中液氮(77K)荧光发射光谱与光能传递的研究

对钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体在解离过程中77K荧光发射光谱与光能传递途径进行了研究.在77K荧光发射光谱中,完整藻胆体只有一个峰,位于682nm,这是藻胆体核心-类囊体膜连接多肽的荧光峰;随着藻胆体逐渐解离,首先在649nm出现一个小峰,之后,在661nm又出现一个荧光发射肩,前者是C-藻蓝蛋白的荧光,后者是别藻蓝蛋白的荧光;随着藻胆体解离程度的加重,C-藻蓝蛋白的荧光逐渐加强并成为主峰,别藻蓝蛋白的荧光也逐渐加强,但随后又逐渐减弱,直至消失;682nm主峰逐渐减弱并消失,但在679nm却出现另一个荧光峰,这是别藻蓝蛋白-B的荧光;当别藻蓝蛋白的荧光消失后,679nm荧光峰减弱为荧光发射肩,但仍然有很强的荧光.这表明:C-藻蓝蛋白不但与别藻蓝蛋白相连接,而且还与别藻蓝蛋白-B相连,在钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体中,光能是沿着两条途径传递给光系统Ⅱ的.     

顿顶螺旋藻完整藻胆体与解离藻胆体光谱特性的比较研究

对钝项螺旋藻完整藻胆体与解离藻胆体吸收光谱进行了比较研究.随着藻胆体的逐渐解离,其吸收光谱表现出如下变化特点:在紫外光区,吸收峰始终位于355nm,尖形峰逐渐变成钝形峰;在红光区,都有很强的吸收,吸收峰呈平顶状,其半带宽逐渐变小;紫外光区与红光区相对吸收强度的比值逐渐变小;四级导数吸收光谱的小峰数目越来越少.室温荧光发射光谱表明,藻胆体在低于0.9mol/L的磷酸缓冲液中变得不稳定,并开始逐渐解离,解离的藻胆体与完整的藻胆体相比,其荧光发射峰波长逐渐变短.     

Examining the relationship between higher educational attainment,trauma symptoms,and internalizing behaviors in child sexual abuse survivors

The trauma symptoms of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors don’t end with the abuse, or even with the advent of adulthood. Instead, these symptoms can persist into all the realms of a survivor’s life, including education, which sets the foundation for career advancement. This retrospective study of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (n = 260) examined the relationships between trauma symptoms, dissociation, dissociative amnesia, anxiety, depression, sleep problems and higher education attainment. The purpose of this study was to determine if these factors are associated with higher education completion for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. Linear regressions and ANOVAs suggest that many of these variables are significantly associated with survivors’ educational trajectory, and multiple linear regressions show that trauma symptoms (as measured by the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40), caregivers’ education levels, and age at onset of abuse are significant predictors of decreased education levels. This information can provide insight into additional risk and protective factors for CSA survivors in order to enhance acute and long-term management of trauma symptoms to increase levels ofattainment of higher education.     

Establishing the Rhetorical Presidency through Presidential Rhetoric: Theodore Roosevelt and the Brownsville Raid

Theodore Roosevelt was an important figure in the development of the presidency as a primary and authoritative source for definitions of national identity. Through an analysis of three specific rhetorical moves Roosevelt made in arguments over the “proper” interpretation of the Brownsville Raid, this essay examines how Roosevelt both justified his dismissal of the soldiers and increased the definitional power of his institution. Brownsville highlights the importance of the presidency's constitutive and rhetorical power, especially as that power pertains to ideologically based definitions of national identity and the role of minorities within that identity, and illuminates the argumentative forms that undergird that constitutive power.     

John F. Kennedy at American University: The Rhetoric of the Possible,Epideictic Progression,and the Commencement of Peace

In his American University address, Kennedy employed epideictic progression, a pedagogical process drawing upon dissociation and epideictic norms to convince listeners, gradually, to embrace a new vision—in this case, a world in which a test-ban treaty with the U.S.S.R. was possible. To do so, Kennedy's words: (1) united the audience behind the value of “genuine peace”; (2) humanized the Soviets as worthy partners in genuine peace; (3) established the reality of the Cold War and the credibility of U.S. leadership; and (4) connected lessons on genuine peace to domestic civil rights.     

The language of the liberal consensus: John F. Kennedy,technical reason,and the “new economics” at Yale University

On June 11, 1962, President John F. Kennedy addressed the economy at Yale University. This essay explains the symbolic charge of his economic rhetoric, a persuasive campaign that enjoyed considerable success and marked the first time that a president took explicit responsibility for the nation's economic performance. I argue that the president crafted the authority to take command of the economy through construction of a liberal ethos, the use of dissociation, and a definition of the times. His arguments, in turn, were invented from the liberal matrix that dominated politics in the mid‐twentieth‐century United States and represent the ways in which that mode of discourse develops a historically contingent and politically powerful form of technical reason. President Kennedy's speech illustrates a set of strategies that can raise the status of one political language above its competitors in the process of public argument.     

Childhood trauma and eating psychopathology: A mediating role for dissociation and emotion dysregulation?

The present study examined the relationship between different forms of childhood trauma and eating psychopathology using a multiple mediation model that included emotion dysregulation and dissociation as hypothesised mediators. 142 female undergraduate psychology students studying at two British Universities participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed measures of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect), eating psychopathology, dissociation and emotion dysregulation. Multiple mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the study's proposed model. Results revealed that the multiple mediation model significantly predicted eating psychopathology. Additionally, both emotion dysregulation and dissociation were found to be significant mediators between childhood trauma and eating psychopathology. A specific indirect effect was observed between childhood emotional abuse and eating psychopathology through emotion dysregulation. Findings support previous research linking childhood trauma to eating psychopathology. They indicate that multiple forms of childhood trauma should be assessed for individuals with eating disorders. The possible maintaining role of emotion regulation processes should also be considered in the treatment of eating disorders.     

Childhood trauma,dissociation, and the internal eating disorder ‘voice’

Many individuals diagnosed with eating disorders describe their disorder as being represented by an internal ‘voice’. In line with cognitive models of voice-hearing, previous research has identified associations between voice appraisals and eating psychopathology in anorexia nervosa. Whether these findings generalise to other eating disorder subtypes remains unknown. The aetiology of the internal eating disorder voice also remains unclear. Traumatic-dissociative models of voice-hearing, which link such experiences to decontexualised material arising from early traumatic events, might also be relevant to eating disorder groups. To determine whether cognitive models of trauma and voice-hearing apply across eating disorder subtypes, 85 individuals fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for an eating disorder completed self-report measures regarding eating disorder cognitions, voice-related appraisals, childhood trauma, and dissociation. The relative power of the eating disorder voice was found to be positively associated with experiences of childhood emotional abuse, and this relationship was partly mediated by dissociation. In addition, eating disorder voices appraised as powerful and benevolent predicted more negative attitudes towards eating across diagnostic groups, but were unrelated to disordered eating behaviours or weight. These findings suggest that the eating disorder voice plays a meaningful role in eating pathology across diagnoses and that this experience might be related, in part, to experiences of childhood maltreatment. Therapeutic implications are discussed.