The catcher in the lie: The role of emotions and epistemic judgments in changing students’ misconceptions and attitudes in a post-truth era

We extend previous theoretical and empirical work by examining the role that emotions and epistemic judgments play when learning from different refutation plus persuasive and expository plus persuasive texts. We examined how variations in messages designed to change misconceptions and attitudes about genetically modified foods (GMFs) might differentially impact the extent to which individuals engage in epistemic judgments; the emotions individuals experience during learning; and, how epistemic judgments and emotions might facilitate or constrain conceptual and attitudinal change. One hundred twenty-five undergraduate university students were randomly assigned to one of four text conditions: refutation plus positive persuasive text, refutation plus negative persuasive text, expository plus positive persuasive text, or expository plus negative persuasive text. Students were asked to think and emote out loud during learning to capture epistemic judgments and emotions as they occurred in real time. After the learning session, students also self-reported the emotions they experienced during learning. Results revealed that students who were given positive persuasive texts experienced more positive emotions (both intensity and frequency) during learning, whereas those who were given negative persuasive texts experienced more negative emotions (frequency) during learning. Students who were given positive persuasive texts engaged in more epistemic judgments and changed more misconceptions about GMFs compared to students in the other three text conditions. Finally, epistemic judgments were significant positive predictors of conceptual and attitudinal change, and both positive emotions and negative emotions predicted attitudinal change. Implications for theories of conceptual and attitudinal change are discussed.     

Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.     

学年体育教学计划季候性特点与周期划分的研究

采用实验研究的方法，对两年来按体育课学年教学计划季候性特点与周期划分实施教学的实验班与按普通计划完成相同内容实施教学的对照班进行比较分析。结果表明：实验班的人体素质和运动技术、技能明显好于对照班。这对明确科学划分学年体育教学计划的意义和各周期的任务提供了有力的证据。使制订学年体育教学计划向着更有时间性、季节性、气候性和针对性，更切合外界客观规律和环境条件，更符合学生的生理和心理特点，以便取得更好的教学效果方向发展奠定了理论与实践基础。     

“给他水喝”一类短语的语义特征及其成因探讨

从读黄伯荣、廖序东先生主编的《〈现代汉语〉教学参考与自学辅导》一书时存在的一点疑问出发，从给予性动词和索取性动词之间的异同来考察，比较、分析给予性动词在三个连续的时间段上分别生成的预设，从中寻找到造成“给他水喝”这类短语的语义特征的内在原因。     

普适评估算法模型研究

论述的评估算法模型主要针对常用的各类评估系统,介绍了算法模型的多种形式,这些模型交织在一起,详细地给出了实现算法。算法模型具有很强的实用性,为建立高效和功能强大的计算机评估系统提供参考。     

Managing physical education lessons: an interactional approach

Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper.     

谈色彩词中的特殊成员：物色词

色彩学将人们通常看到的各种物体的色彩称为“物体色”。当人们将形成“物体色”的要素之一：“物体本身”作为命名色彩的根据时，便产生了我们所谓的“物色词”。在动态的言语活动中，为了快捷而又准确地创造出符合语境的言语色彩词，不同的言语主体往往会不约而同地采取“近取诸身，远取诸物”的说明方法，从而使具有不同色彩特征的客观事物成为了言语主体说明某种特定色彩的最直观、最便捷、最形象的工具，最终使“物色词”成为色彩词随机造词活动中最常见的“产品”。     

在VFP下将OLE对象输出到WORD文档的实现方法

简要介绍了在数据表中加入OLE对象以在表单中添加、显示OLE对象的方法；最后着重叙述了在VFP下将OLE对象输出到WORD文档的具体实现方法和步骤．利用该方法实现了在“高等代数”试题库系统中将从数据表中抽取的试题输出到WORD文档，其效果就如我们在WORD中输入的(如公式、图表等)一样，从而可以对抽取的试题自由编辑．     

“以师为本”的农村教师培训模式建构——以陕西为例

农村教师培训,必须解决培训谁、培训什么、如何培训三个问题,变自上而下为由下而上教师培训模式,充分体现以师为本的培训精神。     

西汉陶塑明器的发展兴盛与艺术表达

西汉经济的发展和社会对儒学的推崇为陶塑明器的兴盛创造了前提条件,厚葬之风的兴起是西汉陶塑明器兴盛的主要推动力量。西汉陶塑明器艺术作品是古代艺术苑囿中的璀璨瑰宝,是西汉思想文化的鲜明的反映。在这些艺术品中,充分体现出西汉古拙而不呆板,质朴而不简陋的装饰表现风格。在图案的表达手法上,有着鲜明的剪影法的特征。西汉陶塑的艺术成就,在于表现各种物象的主要特征,形象生动简练,装饰性很强,凸显出西汉乐观积极的人生理念和希冀人神同在的生命主题。