组织形象传播战略的信任导向

信任作为一种自觉行为，具有社会学和心理学的来源。过去的记忆是产生美誉度的心理基础，美誉度是形成信任的前提。但美誉度不是信任，而仅是一种态度。要将这种态度转变为行动——信任，组织形象传播战略就必须以信任为导向。组织形象传播战略在实施过程中可按时间维度分为前、中、后三个阶段或策略，分别把吸引公众注意、增加熟悉度、满足公众需求作为阶段性重点。     

The concept smacks of magic: Fighting familiarity today

Good educational ethnography whether done by sociologists or anthropologists, makes the familiar strange. The history of that proposition is outlined, and five strategies available to all ethnographers focused on teaching and learning, whether sociologists or anthropologists of education or not, are outlined. The vital importance of the working hypothesis is emphasised. Key concepts from Lave and Wenger are criticised and compared to the long history of calls to make the familiar strange.     

Relationship between prior knowledge,destination reputation,and loyalty among sport tourists

ABSTRACT

Sport tourism is anticipated as one of the key industries that can vitalize a community with a wide variety of attractive natural resources. This research focusses on the relationship between tourists’ prior knowledge of the destination, destination reputation, and destination loyalty. Data were collected from domestic sport tourists who visited Niseko Adventure Centre during August, 2018 (N?=?221). Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the results showed a significant relationship between prior knowledge, reputation, and loyalty, which explained 34% of the model. Sport tourism is expected to be one of the key elements to stimulate rural areas by utilizing their potential natural resources. In this research, we observed Niseko district to clarify the relationship between destination prior knowledge, reputation, and loyalty. As a result, we were able to conclude that, by focusing attention on information search processes, marketers can develop effective marketing strategies.     

基于亲景度的日本游客旅桂市场开拓研究

亲景度反映了旅游客源地对目的地的偏好程度。文章用定量分析的方法,根据日本对中国60个主要旅游城市(包括桂林)的亲景度,分析日本旅华市场的特征及原因,并据此提出桂林进一步开拓日本旅游市场的建议,如树立桂林旅游品牌、区别促销、区域旅游合作和加强网络营销等。     

Conversion Conundrums: Listener Perceptions of Affective Influence Attempts as Mediated by Personality and Individual Differences

The study of religious conversion messages is currently an unexplored facet in interpersonal communication and social-cognition research. This study focused on the affective, intellectual, and cognitive needs of potential converts in reference to their attitudes and responses toward ministers utilizing the conversion appeals of fear and comfort. Eighty-nine participants, representing different levels of perceived personal relevance, religiosity (High Religiosity, Low Religiosity, Fundamentalism), familiarity with the type of appeal being made, and High/Low need for cognition were given a religious sermon to view, followed by various response and mood instruments. Results found familiarity with the message type to be a mediating factor of perceived speaker credibility and level of perceived influence, but not necessarily in reference to level of religious grouping. Possible explanations for these findings and applicability of the influence of emotional persuasion in religious conversion sermons were discussed.     

Effects of Familiarity and Type of Encoding on Proofreading of Text

A handful of studies have claimed that error detection is improved by a proofreader’s prior encounter with the text to be scanned for errors. In these studies, however, the beneficial effect of text familiarity on proofreading has been obtained via surface encoding tasks (prior reading or proofreading). This raises the question of whether the effect is dependent on the type of encoding operations performed on the text prior to proofreading. In Experiment 1, familiarization required that subjects read an error-free passage and then either type the passage verbatim (surface encoding) or write an essay by relying on the information contained in the passage (deep encoding with generation). In Experiment 2, subjects generated sentences (deep encoding with generation), assessed whether sentences described drawings (deep encoding), or typed sentences (surface encoding). Familiarity, irrespective of the nature of the encoding operations, improved proofreading times but only surface encoding or deep encoding without generation made proofreading more accurate. In Experiment 3, text generation fostered greater subjective familiarity than either surface or deep encoding alone. It is argued that this form of enhanced familiarity may lead to expectancy effects in proofreading performance.     

Prince假定熟悉度理论述评

根据Ellen Prince (1981),话语包含话语实体、特征和话语实体之间的关系。实体是指现实世界中存在或不存在的个体,一类个体,一个样品,一种物质或一个概念等等。在她的假定熟悉度理论下,话语实体分成7类。后来(1992)对该理论修订,从听者和话语的两个角度对新/旧的定义和分类,区分了听者新和听者旧,话语新和话语旧。该理论有优点但也并非完美无瑕。     

Gender difference in the effect of daytime sleep on declarative memory for pictures

Objective: To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories, which are dissociable elements of declarative memory, and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity, which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods: Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background, and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition, participants remained awake until the posttest; in the sleep condition, participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results: Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females, whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females, however, neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion: The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies, as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep.     

Liking to be liked: imitation,familiarity and pedagogy in the first years of life

This paper offers a review of the literature on the role of imitation in the earliest stages of social interaction between babies and familiar partners. The review focuses on the ways in which reciprocal imitation marks familiar relationships that provide special contexts for babies to engage actively and exuberantly in the construction of a shared culture. Because adults' perception of a baby's actions and intentions are filtered by the adult's experience of living within a particular culture, babies can obtain valuable information about this culture from the differences between what they do and how familiar adults respond to them. As they become increasingly interested in the social meaning of people's behaviour, infants also become more sensitive about how their own actions may be interpreted, showing pride and delight when their intentions are realised and embarrassed withdrawal when their efforts fail. When very young children are observed in unfamiliar contexts and when they are cared for and educated in professional settings, they may have relatively few opportunities for lively, joyful exchanges with reassuringly familiar partners and this can distort adults' perceptions of ‘normal’ infant behaviour. It is argued that adults' attentive interest in mutually enjoyable exchanges with young children is an important difference between humans and other apes and provides an essential foundation for pedagogy and for children's active participation in a shared culture.     

港澳台入闽旅游亲福度与市场偏差度关系研究

基于亲福度分析福建传统的主要旅游客源地港澳台偏爱福建程度,运用市场偏差度分析港澳台在福建的市场份额偏离在中国的市场份额的程度,探讨亲福度和市场偏差度的关系。揭示港澳台入闽旅游市场时空格局演变态势,研判旅游市场未来发展趋势。为企业对外宣传促销和旅游业发展方向提供参考,促进和提升福建区域旅游竞争力。