程序教学法在普通高校体育课的应用与研究

在普通高校体育课中的健美操课、排球课、太极拳课教学中进行了“程序教学法”的教学实验，结果表明：实验组成绩优于对照组而且有显著差异；实验组成绩趋于高分一端，从而对“学生成绩呈正态分布”的传统观点提出了挑战。应用程序教学法，能使不同层次的学生根据自己的实际情况学习适应自己水平的教材，能够充分发挥教师的指导作用与学生主体作用。有利于形成新的学生观和教学观。     

视觉与本体感觉的反馈信息控制在横马分腿腾越教学中的应用与研究

本文将视觉与本体感觉的反馈信息控制应用于横马分腿腾越动作的教学中，对学生的视觉、本体感觉等反馈信息进行动态调控，并进行对比实验研究．实验结果显示：视觉与本体感觉的反馈信息控制能有效地诱导学生“寻找”完成规定动作所必须的肌肉本体感觉，加速建立正确的运动动力定型，显著地提高教学效率。     

多媒体优化组合教学在游泳普修课中的研究与开发

多媒体组合教学(CAI)是将现代科学技术手段运用于课堂教学的-种方法,在其他学科的应用已经取得了丰 硕的成果,而在体育学科中的应用尚处于起步阶段,本文试图通过研究《多媒体优化组合教学在游泳普修课中的研究与 开发》,来探索游泳普修课多媒体CAI的教学规律和方法.并通过在教学中初步应用,探索在游泳普修课教学中运用多 媒体优化组合教学法的教学模式.     

It’s More Than Self-Presentation: MUM Effects Can Reflect Private Discomfort and Concern for the Recipient

Is the reluctance to share bad news (i.e., the MUM effect) motivated more by a public display or private concern, and does it benefit mainly the messenger or the recipient? An experiment (N = 309) that crossed good/bad news with three communication channels (face-to-face, text messaging, e-mail) revealed that messenger reluctance was greatest under conditions of bad news and did not vary based on the channel through which the recipient contacted the messenger. In contrast with earlier work, this MUM effect was more consistent with a private fear of distressing the recipient. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.     

宣城市30万Nm／d液化天然气项目设计简介

文章简单介绍宣城市30万Nm／d液化天然气项目的设计，并对设计中难以把握或容易出错的地方做了重点说明。     

Do karate fighters use situational probability information to improve decision-making performance during on-mat tasks?

This study examined the contribution of situational probability information to the perceptual and cognitive processes underlying decision-making behaviour during in situ Karate performance. Experts and novices were required to make decisions about various attacks in different fight scenarios. The order in which the fight situations were presented was modified in order to provide advanced probability information and identify whether fighters were able to use the latter information to make better decisions. Specifically, one of the attacks was repeated every four actions. Results revealed that experts were more accurate and faster than their less skilled counterparts to block and counterattack the opponent. The experts picked up the occurrence of the attack pattern after the fifth repetition whereas novices did not. This enabled experts to improve decision time and decision accuracy. Findings suggest that such superiority could stem from the perceptual and cognitive skills possessed by the experts, thus giving them the opportunity to recognise a situation more easily. This was reinforced by gaze behaviour which demonstrated that experts used a more efficient search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration on a lesser number of areas relative to the novices. Moreover, experts generated more refined karate-specific knowledge structures compared with the novices.     

“I Heard it through the Grapevine”: Doctoral Student Socialization in Chemistry and History

Twenty doctoral students in the disciplines of chemistry and history were interviewed to better understand the socialization processes that influence their success and how these processes differ by year in the degree program and disciplinary culture. Five major themes emerged describing these socialization processes and how they facilitate or impede degree success, including Ambiguity, describing the programmatic guidelines and expectations that surrounded much of the students’ experience; Balance, pointing to the students’ need to balance graduate school responsibilities along with external relationships and demands; Independence, describing the students’ desire to find equilibrium as they transitioned to the role of independent scholar; Development, highlighting the significant cognitive, personal, and professional development that occurs in these students’ graduate experience; and Support, describing the faculty, peer, and financial support needed for the students’ success in their degree programs. Suggestions for policy, practice, and further research are discussed.     

Mathematical Modeling in the Primary School: Children's Construction of a Consumer Guide

This paper examines 6th grade children's local conceptual development and mathematization processes as they worked a comprehensive mathematical modeling problem (creating a consumer guide for deciding the best snack chip) over several class periods. The children and their teachers were participating in a 3-year longitudinal teaching experiment in which sequences of mathematical modeling problems were implemented from the 5th grade (10 years of age) though to the 7th grade. In contrast to traditional problem solving, mathematical modeling requires children to generate and develop their own mathematical ideas and processes, and to form systems of relationships that are generalizable and reusable. Reported here is a detailed analysis of the iterative cycles of development of one group of children as they worked the problem, followed by a summary of the mathematization processes displayed by all groups. Children's critical reflections on their models are also reported. The results show how children can independently develop constructs and processes through meaningful problem solving. Children's development included creating systems for operationally defining constructs; selecting, categorizing, and ranking factors; quantifying quantitative and qualitative data; and transforming quantities.     

多指标随机过程弱对称0－1律

本文证明了多指标平稳随机过程的弱对称０－１律，推广了朱成熹在单指标情形下的有关结果