近年来中国民俗学研究趋向的新观察——从两个语境和一个意识切入

从时代语境、学术语境和学者问题意识的角度,考察近年来中国民俗学的研究趋向,提出当代中国民俗学正经历从学科身份确立到学术品质更新的过程,包含了传承经典和知识创新两大主题。首先评述中国民俗学界建立和发展社会科学性质的民俗学的主张;其次评述中国民俗学界有关田野民俗志的新学说;最后讨论历史民俗学、民间文艺学和传统节日、民间信仰等领域的新动向。     

贯通生死的终极之典--《生命观视阈中的藏族丧葬文化研究：对金沙江上游三岩峡谷的田野调查》述评

丧葬是“一种永远的文化”,是文化人类学研究的重要课题之一。对于丧葬文化的研究及其成果,堪称贯通生死的终极之典。《生命观视阈中的藏族丧葬文化研究：对金沙江上游三岩峡谷的田野调查》一书以“生”的视阈理解、诠释藏族社会的丧葬文化,具有藏族丧葬民族志研究的开拓意义,是一部贯通生死研究的终极之典,也为我们架设了一座认知与理解他者文化变迁的虹桥。     

No place for women among them? Reflections on the axé of fieldwork

Capoeira, the Brazilian dance and martial art, is now taught in many countries outside Brazil. Reflections on a year's fieldwork on capoeira teaching in the UK are used to make educational ethnography anthropologically strange. Issues of locality, noise, uncertainty and bodily contact are explored in a reflexive way.     

论社会工作教师实践教学能力的培养

社会工作教师的实践教学能力很大程度上决定了学生实践能力培养的水平。以往有关社会工作实践教学的研究主要集中在如何构建实践教学体系、实习教学模式以及实验教学模式等方面,这些是培养学生实践能力的硬条件。但与此同时,在学生实践能力培养的环节中,教师的实践教学能力是不可忽视的软因素。社会工作实践教学主要包括实验教学和实习教师两大方面。当前,社会工作教师在实验教学和实习教学的设计能力、指导能力、反思能力等方面都存在诸多不足。社会工作教师实践教学能力的培养是一项系统工程,保障制度建设是关键,个体能力建设是基础,教学团队建设是辅助,实践基地建设是平台。     

Roda Boa, Roda Boa: Legitimate peripheral participation in diasporic capoeira

Capoeira, the Brazilian dance and martial art, is taught across the world. Learners acquire vital knowledge and are socialised as capoeiristas through legitimate peripheral participation, in particular when watching games in the roda. The roda, the circle within which the capoeira game is played, is a classic place for learning by legitimate peripheral participation to occur. Watching, listening, and feeling the energy of the roda are central to the acquisition of capoeira abilities and capabilities, especially the tacit, indeterminate knowledge and skills.     

对人类学研究田野调查中参与观察法的理解与思考

参与观察法是田野调查的最基本方法,而田野调查是人类学研究和民族学研究的重要内容和途径。可以说,脱离了田野工作的人类学和民族学研究是没有个别访谈或缺少实地田野资料作为支撑的“安乐椅”式的理论研究,而没有参与观察法在田野调查中的运用,田野调查也不能成为人类学和民族学研究中的重要内容。这三者之间存在着相互作用、互为依托的密切关系。     

Tracing the development of preservice teachers’ efficacy beliefs in teaching mathematics during fieldwork

This paper focuses on efficacy beliefs with respect to teaching mathematics; it aims at testing and validating an existing scale for measuring efficacy beliefs in the domain of mathematics, examining the development of preservice teachers’ efficacy beliefs in mathematics during fieldwork, and identifying factors that contribute to the development of these beliefs. Exploratory factor analysis applied to longitudinal data collected through a questionnaire administered to almost 90 preservice teachers elicited a two-factor model, reflecting efficacy beliefs in mathematics instruction and classroom management. Using cluster analysis, we found four patterns in the development of preservice teachers’ efficacy beliefs regarding these two factors. Our analysis of semi-structured interviews with eight participants representing these four patterns suggested that preservice teachers’ efficacy beliefs were mainly informed by experimentation with teaching and interaction with mentors, tutors, peers, and pupils. Based on our findings, we draw implications for mathematics preservice teacher education and provide suggestions for future research.

Environmental education excursions and proximity to urban green space – densification in a ‘compact city’

The value of urban green space for environmental education fieldwork is empirically investigated in a study among all secondary schools in Amsterdam. The article describes how the proximity of schools to green spaces emerges as a new factor in the ‘sustainable city’ and the ‘compact city’ debate. For fieldwork excursions proximity to green spaces is crucial for establishing a pattern of outdoor environmental education. Once established, it shapes teachers’ attitudes on excursions. A linear structural path analysis reveals how this in turn results in more fieldwork excursions to other destinations. Interviews with teachers show how this can be interpreted mainly as a result from iterative positive experiences with excursions close to the school, which are triggered by the availability of nearby green space. Remarkably, beside the effects of green spaces for well-being and health, the significance of green space for environmental education of children remained under-investigated. This argument came prominently to the fore in a case of urban densification within the framework of compact city policies. In the dispute about the elimination of green space, citizens claimed a high educational value would vanish, but they felt this value was not recognized in the decision-making process.     

水族乡村小学教育现状及教育困境分析——以贵州三都水族自治县扬拱小学为例

以扬拱小学为个案,通过田野调查的方法对水族地区小学教育现状进行考察并对其现状原因进行分析,原因主要包括学生的主观能动性差,学习生活环境极端恶劣,教材内容难度偏大、内容偏离本地实际以及学校硬,软件严重不足又过度强调素质教育、个性化发展的教育政策等,针对上述问题提出加强硬件投入,加大师资投入,优化教学方法等解决方案,以引起对水族乡村教育的关注。     

Sticking points: Sites for developing capacity to enact socially just instruction

Preparing preservice teachers (PSTs) to enact socially just instruction, especially in fieldwork contexts, remains a challenging, understudied goal addressed by this research. Analysis of data from two qualitative studies reveals how Daybook conversations served as pedagogical and discursive spaces that helped PSTs negotiate conflicts, or sticking points, which emerged in their fieldwork. Their rehearsals during these conversations enabled PSTs to create space for instructional experimentation to enact socially just instruction. The article offers possibilities for modeling with and for PSTs how their teaching can work to disrupt systems of inequity across relationships, diverse teaching contexts, and time.