Sexual abuse predicts functional somatic symptoms: An adolescent population study

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of childhood sexual abuse on medically not well explained or functional somatic symptoms (FSSs) in adolescents. We hypothesized that sexual abuse predicts higher levels of FSSs and that anxiety and depression contribute to this relationship. In addition, we hypothesized that more severe abuse is associated with higher levels of FSSs and that sexual abuse is related to gastrointestinal FSSs in particular. This study was part of the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS): a general population cohort which started in 2001 (N = 2,230; 50.8% girls, mean age 11.1 years). The current study uses data of 1,680 participants over four assessment waves (75% of baseline, mean duration of follow-up: 8 years). FSSs were measured by the Somatic Complaints subscale of the Youth Self-Report at all waves. Sexual abuse before the age of sixteen was assessed retrospectively with a questionnaire at T4. To test the hypotheses linear mixed models were used adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, anxiety and depression. Sexual abuse predicted higher levels of FSSs after adjustment for age sex and socioeconomic status (B = .06) and after additional adjustment for anxiety and depression (B = .03). While sexual abuse involving physical contact significantly predicted the level of FSSs (assault; B = .08, rape; B = .05), non-contact sexual abuse was not significantly associated with FSSs (B = .04). Sexual abuse was not a stronger predictor of gastrointestinal FSSs (B = .06) than of all FSSs. Further research is needed to clarify possible mechanisms underlying relationship between sexual abuse and FSSs.     

博士生知识焦虑的多维透视及其消解策略

作为知识社会重要的劳动主体,博士生受知识引发的现实性变革影响而压力倍增,逐渐暴露出由知识引发的焦虑问题。从心理学来看,博士生知识焦虑表现为以无助感为特质的情绪症候,消解之策在于博士生自我调控和外部干预两个方面;从现象学来看,其导源于博士生消极的学术体验,主要表现为由知识建构中自我效能感降低和师生关系紧张所诱发的学术倦怠,对此应加强研究生教育的系统性,建立科学机制以保证师生间的良性互动;从生命哲学而言,知识焦虑表现为博士生对学术生命的存在困惑,因应之道在于关注博士生的生存状态、尊重其学术生命的独特性和完整性,满足博士生潜能发挥与自我实现的内在需求。     

The relationship between exposure to family violence in childhood and post-traumatic stress symptoms in young adulthood: The mediating role of social support

BackgroundExtensive research has examined the relationship between exposure to family violence and its long-term mental health effects. Social support has been found to moderate this relationship, but there is a dearth of research on its mediating role.ObjectivesThe article presents the results of a study on the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence during childhood and adolescence on the one hand, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood on the other. In addition, the article presents results on the role of social support as a mediator in this relationship.Method, participants, and settingA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 516 Israeli university and college students (90.7% female, and 9.3% male; M age = 24.9, SD = 2.7) using a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe results revealed that exposure to each pattern of family violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence) predicted higher levels of PTSS. Furthermore, social support was found to partially mediate the relationship between exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence and current PTSS as well as its four symptoms, i.e., depression, sleep disturbance, dissociation, and anxiety.ConclusionsThe results of the current study highlight the important role of social support in the association between adversities experienced early in life and young adulthood outcomes. The findings are interpreted on the basis of Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll et al., 1990), which served as the conceptual framework for the study. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.     

当代新诗症候与文化诗学透视

新诗转型已然成为当代诗学界的显在话语，本文从文化研究的视角出发，对当代新诗进行了俯瞰式的症候分析，从而证明当代文化研究进入诗歌的可能性与其阐释意义。     

三元能量对人的心理健康作用的比较研究

为了探讨三元能量对人体作用的效应,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),对运化三元能量水平不等的元极学学习者进行问卷调查,并作了统计学分析。结果表明,三元能量可从某些方面提高人体健康水平。     

Uncertainty and the inconvenient facts of diagnosis

One common contemporary usage of the term “diagnostic uncertainty” is to refer to cases for which a diagnosis is not, or cannot, be applied to the presenting case. This is a paradoxical usage, as the absence of diagnosis is often as close to a certainty as can be a human judgement. What makes this sociologically interesting is that it represents an “epistemic defence,” or a means of accounting for a failure of medicine’s explanatory system. This system is based on diagnosis, or the classification of individual complaints into recognizable diagnostic categories. Diagnosis is pivotal to medicine’s epistemic setting, for it purports to explain illness via diagnosis, and yet is not always able to do so. This essay reviews this paradoxical use, and juxtaposes it to historical explanations for non-diagnosable illnesses. It demonstrates how representing non-diagnosis as uncertainty protects the epistemic setting by positioning the failure to locate a diagnosis in the individual, rather than in the medical paradigm.     

福建师大学生心理健康状况的研究

采用症状自评表SCL - 90作为评定心理健康状况的工具 ,对福建师大体育、中文、地理、数学等 10个系 30 0名学生进行研究 ,结果发现 :32 9%的学生存在各种的不良心理反应 ,4 9%的学生存在着各种明显的心理健康问题 ,心理健康问题主要表现为敌对、强迫、抑郁、人际关系敏感等症状 ,而且男生的敌对反应程度显著地高于女生。     

论戴厚英的小说创作

戴厚英是当代文坛上一位真诚的、有强烈社会责任感的作家。她的作品既是自我表现,又体现了知识分子的独立思考和人文关怀。《诗人之死》和《人啊,人!》是作家真诚地反省及思索人性的结果。《脑裂》是对知识分子精神症状的象征和调侃。她的乡土题材作品表现了中国文人的乡土情怀;作为女性,她既有对自身性别的体验,又受到传统观念的影响,关注更多的是人性,而不是女性。     

高职院校学生应对方式、人格特征和心理症状的相关分析

目的了解高职院校学生的应对方式、人格特征和心理症状的关系。方法采用应对方式问卷、EPQ、SCL-90对高职院校1300名学生进行测评。结果外向性与具有普遍适应意义的应对方式呈显著正相关,与一些适应不良的应对方式、心理症状水平呈显著负相关;神经质和精神质与适应不良的应对方式、心理症状水平呈显著正相关,与解决问题的应对方式呈显著负相关;具有普遍适应意义的应对方式与心理症状得分呈显著负相关,适应不良的应对方式与心理症状得分呈显著正相关。