美国计算机犯罪立法的发展与启示

计算机犯罪已严重危害了信息系统安全，各国政府也已认识到打击和惩罚计算机犯罪、保护信息系统安全的重要性。美国很早就将保护信息系统安全纳入了法治化的轨道，在打击计算机犯罪中也积累了丰富的经验。文章通过探讨美国计算机犯罪立法的历史沿革和最新发展，对信息系统安全的法治化进程中的规律进行总结，以期为我国的信息法制建设提供借鉴。     

Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions,expanding roles

Librarians in Sweden are facing huge challenges in meeting the demands of their organisations and users. This article looks at four key areas: coping with open science/open access initiatives; increasing demands from researchers for support doing systematic reviews; understanding user experiences in Swedish health science libraries; and the consequences of expanding roles for recruitment and continuing professional development. With regard to changing roles, there is an increasing shift from the generalist towards the expert role. The authors raise the issue as to how to prepare those new to the profession to the changing environment of health science libraries.     

浅析中国英语及其民族特色

随着我国对外开放力度的加大,在世界范围的影响日益扩大,中国英语之语言现象不仅出现的频率越来越高,而且出现的种类也更加纷繁复杂。因此,弄清中国英语的现状、了解其民族特色就显得十分重要。     

战国巨变与欧洲浪漫主义运动的现象关联

战国时代，是最具化发展活力、思想自由的时代。而从十八世纪开始的欧洲浪漫主义运动，为欧洲社会发展、思想进步、化繁荣提供了一个全新的起点。对比两个在空间上和时间上毫无关联的化现象，我们可以发现其中的相似性，进而认识到中西化在发展过程中实现化创新和社会进步的一些必然性的条件。     

Cheating or cheated? Surviving secondary exit exams in a neoliberal era

Cheating on exams is a rampant and highly developed practice among youth in the Arab world, often involving elaborate networks, advanced technology and adult authorities. Rather than viewing cheating as mere laziness or immorality, this article interrogates the social meanings of cheating by comparing the practices and discourses of cheating on high-stakes high school exit exams – the tawjihi in Jordan and the Baccalauréat in Morocco. Using informal networks to obtain higher grades, and thereby better futures, cheating is one way youth contest the putative meritocracy of the state to reclaim a sense of control over their lives. Ironically, cheaters develop twenty-first century skills of collaboration, networking and creativity outside the school in order to evade the nation’s formal system of educational sorting. We argue that cheating illuminates the declining effectiveness of the public school in the nation-building project and the simultaneous emergence of the outcomes-oriented ‘neoliberal student’.     

恩格斯真的提出了国家起源的 "罗马模式"吗?--以《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》文本解读为依据

对于恩格斯晚年在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》一书中对国家起源问题的研究,国内外学界通常认为,恩格斯通过探讨希腊雅典、罗马、德意志三个国家的起源问题,分别提出了国家起源的三种独立模式,即“雅典模式”、“罗马模式”和“德意志模式”。本文认为,这种看法不符合恩格斯对罗马国家起源问题的实际思想。有充足的根据表明,恩格斯并未将罗马国家起源道路视为一种不同于雅典式一般道路的“独立模式”或“第二模式”,所谓的“罗马模式”实际上并不存在,它是对恩格斯相关思想误读的产物。     

《毛传》中的教化思想

《毛传》注释整体比较简约,但在解说兴义或释词时表现出一定的教化思想。突出强调君臣、后妃之德,向往君明臣贤政治理想。注重祭祀婚姻服饰礼仪,兼顾孝悌仁义等美德。这些教化思想集中体现在十五国风中。     

战国时期秦国统一策略的演变

战国时期,秦国的统一策略灵活多变,各代统一策略均有不同。孝公时期,以商鞅的中立楚韩、联合齐赵、削弱强魏为中心;惠王时期,以张仪的连横弱楚为中心;武王和昭王前期以魏冉的蚕食诸侯和削弱三晋为中心;昭王后期以范睢的远交近攻为中心;秦王政时期则以李斯、尉缭的拉拢分化、各个击破为中心。总之,秦各代国君大都能依据当时的国力状况和外部形势确定不同的统一策略,事实证明,这些策略无一不切实可行且成效显著,它们大大地加速了秦统一全国的进程。     

二能级系统的绝热近似条件

计算出了二能级系统在非绝热近似情形下的演化波函数,同时计算出了系统在演化一周期后的几何相位。对比绝热近似时的情形,给出一种二能级系统的绝热近似条件。     

Exercise but not metformin improves health-related quality of life and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this cohort study is to analyse the effect of three types of treatment: (i) exercise training with multicomponent exercise (E); (ii) pharmacologic treatment with oral hypoglycaemic drug – metformin (M); and (iii) a combined therapy – exercise and metformin (E?+?M) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with comorbidity in an early stage of the disease. Participants (n?=?284) underwent 1 of the following 3 conditions: (i) E (n?=?59) trained three times/week; (ii) M (n?=?30) used 850?mg of metformin twice daily; and (iii) E?+?M (n?=?195) combined exercise and metformin. Furthermore, participants completed baseline and 2-year follow-up evaluations including a Shortform Health Survey 36, Profile of Mood States – Short-form, the health history questionnaires, anthropometric, and blood biochemistry. E and E?+?M revealed improved mood states, with large effect size on the vigour domain, and moderate effect size in the anger and total mood disturbance (TMD) domains (P?<?0.05), in comparison with the M group. After 24 months’ intervention, the E and E?+?M groups perceived better physical and mental HRQoL than the M group. The M group unchanged HRQoL domains (P?>?0.05). Metformin had no significant effect on the self-referred HRQoL in T2D participants aged above 60 years, in an early stage of the disease. The E and E?+?M were the most effective long-term therapies to improve mood states and HRQoL in older adults with T2D.