试论培根的技术价值思想

作为实验科学的始祖,培根非常重视技术的作用和价值,奉行乐观主义的技术价值观,认为,技术是人自我生存之手段,提高效率之工具,改变世界之伟力,控制自然之权力,揭示真理之方法。     

从语料库文体学的视角看培根Essays的文体特征

采用实证的研究方法,从语料库文体学的视角出发,建立一个包含培根随笔集Essays的小型语料库,并借助于WordSmith软件,详细比较Essays和参照语料库Flob的部分文体特征,发现Essays具有词汇丰富,句式灵活多变等鲜明的特点,验证了语料库的方法在文体学研究中的有效性。     

Humility & Humiliation: The Transformation of Franciscan Humour,c.1210–1310

Humiliation and self-ridicule worked as surprisingly important tools of evangelical outreach in the first decades of the Franciscan Order (c.1210–50). According to early Franciscan texts such as the Assisi Compilation (c.1240s) and Jordan of Giano’s Chronica (c.1260), St Francis and his earliest followers sought to win supporters by stripping naked in public, mocking learned preachers and ludicrously imitating animals. Yet within a few decades of the founder’s death this type of humour had been erased from Franciscan texts. Chronicles now omitted references to Francis’s laughter, while humiliating behaviour came to be condemned by Franciscan preachers, chroniclers and theologians alike. From being a means of undermining dignity and reason, joking was now instead celebrated as a tool of upholding these very same values. Describing the nature of this shift, and contextualising it within the evolving institutional priorities of the Franciscans under the leadership of Bonaventure (d.1274), this article will complicate debates about the development of medieval humour, while also reflecting on laughter’s role as a means of resistance to the significant social and cultural upheavals of the 1200s.     

论培根的哲学思想及其历史地位

作为十七世纪英国著名哲学家、英国唯物主义经验论的始祖、现代生活精神的伟大先驱,近代归纳逻辑奠基人的培根的哲学思想贯穿于他的整个思想体系,贯穿于他的主要著作《论说文集》、《新大西岛》、《学术的进展》和《新工具》中,其中"四假象"说展示了培根本人哲学思维最深刻的一面。该文从培根哲学思想产生的背景入手,阐述培根的哲学思想,从而认识到培根的哲学思想对当时解放人的思想和自然科学进步的影响而居于重要的历史地位。     

“培根问题”及其诠释学意涵

“培根问题”是波普尔在批判培根经验论及其“偏见”观的基础上首次提出的。波普尔不仅将内涵于培根哲学中“偏见”与“观察证实理论”的矛盾、冲突称为“培根问题”,而且经由对传统“观察证实理论”的颠覆性分析,提出并系统论证了与培根不同的、旨在通过正面肯定理论或“偏见”对“观察证实理论”的作用、强调“一切观察都是按照某种理论对事实的解释”,从而消解理论与经验观察之矛盾、冲突的方法。波普尔关于“培根问题”的提出及其解决,无不与其哲学内涵有丰富的诠释学思想密切相关。     

How does collaboration affect researchers’ positions in co-authorship networks?

Collaboration usually has a positive effect on researchers’ productivity: researchers have become increasingly collaborative, according to recent studies. Numerous studies have focused on enhancing research collaboration by recommendation technology and measuring the influence of researchers. However, few studies have investigated the effect of collaboration on the position of a researcher in the research social network. In this paper, we explore the relationships between collaboration and influence by social analytical methods, which are pertinent to analyzing the network structure and individual traits. We evaluate three aspects of the researchers’ influence: friendship paradox validation, social circle, and structure of a researcher's ego network. Furthermore, the ”six degrees of Bacon number” theory, generalized friendship paradox, and triadic closure theory are introduced to support our analysis. Experimental results show that collaboration can help researchers increase their influence to some extent.     

培根式归纳及其争论

培根式归纳作为一种科学方法通常被认为具有如下特点：1．以大量经验事实为基础;2．渐进式获得普遍性逐步上升的结论;3．“忽视”观念、猜想或假说的作用。针对培根式归纳的这些特点,穆勒、耶芳斯和波普尔等人对其进行了批评,而惠威尔、内尔和莱欣巴赫等人则为之进行了辩护。讨论这一争论目的在于更为清楚地认识培根式归纳的特征、作用和局限。     

St Francis of Assisi and Islam: A Theological Perspective on a Christian-Muslim Encounter

In 1219 an encounter took place between a Christian from Italy, Francis of Assisi, and the Muslim Sultan of Egypt, al-Malik al-Kāmil. This meeting took place at Damietta in northern Egypt during the progress of the Fifth Crusade. Over a period of perhaps three weeks, religious dialogue took place between Francis and al-Kāmil, after which time the Sultan had Francis escorted safely back to the Christian camp. It is possible to discern from the writings of Francis after his return from Egypt that the meeting had had a deep religious impact upon him, realised in the latter years of his life. It can be said that both Francis and al-Kāmil experienced through their encounter what the Christian theologian Bernard Lonergan has spoken of as a conversion into a new horizon. The historical encounter between Francis and the Sultan witnesses to the fact that through religious conversion, it is possible for members of different religious faiths to arrive at a common vision of universal peace and reconciliation.     

论"知识就是力量"

分析了知识为什么是力量,知识是什么力量,什么知识才是力量,知识怎样才能转化为力量;论述了应该如何辩证地理解"知识就是力量"并在行动中实践这句名言.     

从培根与霍布斯回顾荀子

洛克之前培根和霍布斯堪称英国经验主义双璧。培根的科学精神铸造了1662年奠基的皇家学会,缺陷在疏忽欧陆科学家的贡献,过分重视归纳而轻蔑演绎;又被控告纳贿而隐居著书,深信运气而非德行决定历史。他以记忆、想象、思考为人心三大功能。霍布斯曾做培根秘书五年,改造亚里士多德修辞学,兼顾演绎与归纳,努力震撼独断者的权威;却仰慕凯撒,融合理性与演说。先秦经验主义者荀况三度出任齐国稷下学宫祭酒,虽未如培根创作理想国"新阿兰特斯",但是似霍氏在异邦显赫且富于文学兴趣。荀子承接墨家注重逻辑和雄辩,对音乐的态度近培、霍而反墨家。