后WTO时代我国对外经济五大摩擦探析

2007年是我国加入WTO的第六年,同时也标志着我国市场开放进入了新阶段——"后WTO时代"。在后WTO时代,我国不仅将成为世界上遭遇贸易摩擦最多的国家,而且随着市场开放程度的不断加深,还将逐步遭遇制度性摩擦、投资摩擦、技术性贸易摩擦和环境经济摩擦。本文跳出贸易摩擦研究的传统视野,从上述五大摩擦入手,综合分析了后WTO时代可能出现的我国对外经济摩擦的表现、原因及影响,并在此基础上从宏观和微观两个层面提出了应对之策。     

纸基摩擦材料的组成与工艺研究进展

纸基摩擦材料是自动变速器和湿式刹车装置使用的重要摩擦材料。材料性能决定车辆运行的安全性和平稳性,反过来又受到组成与制备工艺的制约。本文综述了近年来纸基摩擦材料的组成与工艺研究进展。     

虚拟实验操作系统中的认知摩擦问题研究

调查研究表明,现有的很多虚拟实验开发多偏向技术的应用和功能的堆砌,学习者在操作时存在较高的"认知摩擦"。通过对虚拟实验操作系统中存在的认知摩擦问题研究,找出了其存在的原因,并在此基础上提出了问题的解决策略,为虚拟实验开发和虚拟实验教学的应用中避免不必要的此类问题产生提供有益的借鉴。     

Sensitivity analysis of stamping processes using various friction models appropriate for non-stationary contact problems

This paper looks at the sensitivity of thickness to variation of friction. The models of friction used are: the classic Amontons-Coulomb; a nonlinear pressure-dependent model proposed by Wriggers, vu Van and Stein; and a velocity-dependent model proposed by Molinari, Estrin and Mercier. They are coded in FORTRAN for use with finite element program ABAQUS. The contact problem is then formulated in the total Lagrangian formulation for contact between an elastic-plastic body and rigid tools. The variational (weak) form of the formulation is given and this is discretized by finite element method. To test and compare the models, one common metal forming processes is simulated: deep drawing of a square-cup. The sensitivity graphs showing each of the three friction models together is given at the end. One other conclusion although not major part of this work is that Amonton-Coulomb is not the best model suited for contact conditions in metal forming processes, because Wriggers et al. model and Molinari et al. model provide better results for modelling bends and corners.     

钢轨波磨处高速轮轨滚动接触行为与波磨发展的模拟研究

研究目的：为求解钢轨（短波）波磨处的高速轮轨瞬态滚动接触建立有限元模型,研究影响高速钢轨波磨发展的重要因素。削新要点：1．求解不同牵引条件下轮轨间的瞬态法和切向滚动接触问题,并考虑真实轮轨几何和钢轨波磨,最高模拟速度达500km／h;2．基于模拟结果,解释了中国高速线路上发现的钢轨波磨很快稳定下来的现象。研究方法：1．详细分析钢轨波磨处高速轮轨瞬态滚动接触的法、切向解以及由此导致的V-M等效应力和摩擦功沿轨面的波动;2．变化波磨波长、波深及重要滚动参数如速度和牵引系数等,研究它们对波磨处滚动接触行为的影响;3．对比上述有限元模型与传统多体动力模型在波磨处的法向轮轨力结果。重要结论：1．法、切向轮轨力及法、切向接触应力均随着波磨几何呈周期性波动,但相位略有差异,V-M等效应力和摩擦功的波动形式接近切向接触应力;2．牵引系数越大,波磨处V-M等效应力和摩擦功的波动范围越大;3．名义参数下,对于所研究高铁系统,波长为80mm左右、速度为250-300km／h时波磨的动态响应最大,这与现场观测相符;4．传统多体动力模型会高估钢轨波磨激励的法向轮轨力;5．钢轨波磨会逐渐稳定下来,通过速度越高进入稳定越快。     

迷宫气封动力响应分析及减振规律研究

采用一种将柔度系数法、谐波平衡法与求解摩擦力的数值跟踪法相结合的时频转换方法,对迷宫气封结构的响应进行了计算.对阻尼套筒摩擦片沿周向和轴向的不同分布对结构减振效果的影响进行了分析,并得出相应结论.     

A Three‐Dimensional Approach and Open Source Structure for the Design and Experimentation of Teaching‐Learning Sequences: The case of friction

We have developed a teaching‐learning sequence (TLS) on friction based on a preliminary study involving three dimensions: an analysis of didactic research on the topic, an overview of usual approaches, and a critical analysis of the subject, considered also in its historical development. We found that mostly the usual presentations do not take into account the complexity of friction as it emerges from scientific research, may reinforce some inaccurate students’ conceptions, and favour a limited vision of friction phenomena. The TLS we propose begins by considering a wide range of friction phenomena to favour an initial motivation and a broader view of the topic and then develops a path of interrelated observations, experiments, and theoretical aspects. It proposes the use of structural models, involving visual representations and stimulating intuition, aimed at helping students build mental models of friction mechanisms. To facilitate the reproducibility in school contexts, the sequence is designed as an open source structure, with a core of contents, conceptual correlations and methodological choices, and a cloud of elements that can be re‐designed by teachers. The sequence has been tested in teacher education and in upper secondary school, and has shown positive results in overcoming student difficulties and stimulating richer reasoning based on the structural models we suggested. The proposed path has modified the teachers’ view of the topic, producing a motivation to change their traditional presentations. The open structure of the sequence has facilitated its implementation by teachers in school in coherence with the rationale of the proposal.     

对油膜滑动摩擦系数测量系统的研究

为了改变张力法中对静摩擦系数不易测量、滑轮对测量精度的影响和减少操作者的测量误差.该系统利用通电螺线管产生的均匀磁场,通电导体在磁场中受到的洛伦兹力与摩擦力相等做匀速运动的基本物理规律.通过光电测速技术,由AT89C52单片机来调节流入导体的电流强度,使被测物体达到匀速.同时计算出摩擦系数值,并且由字符液晶显示模块HD44780显示出来.该系统不但可以测量相对油膜滑动摩擦系数,而且可以测量油膜最大静摩擦系数,只要更换少量器件可以用于各种摩擦系数的测量.因此该系统有较大的实用价值.     

搅拌摩擦点焊接头微观组织和力学性能的研究

本文简介了搅拌摩擦点焊设备的研究及其技术原理,并对国内外学者在搅拌摩擦点焊工艺、微观组织和力学性能方面的研究成果进行了归纳和总结。     

一种无石棉纸基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用湿法工艺研制了一种无石棉纸基摩擦材料，应用QM1000-Ⅱ型摩擦材料性能试验机研究了摩擦力矩特征和摩擦磨损性能。试验结果显示，新研制的无石棉纸基摩擦材料的动摩擦系数高、静／动摩擦系数适中，是一种适合于汽车自动变速器的纸基摩擦材料．具有作为汽车用摩擦材料的潜在应用前景。