The relations among child negative interactive behavior,child temperament,and maternal behavior

Negative behavior toward the mother during toddlerhood might be a marker of increased risk for maladjustment. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible antecedents of toddler boys’ negative behavior observed in interaction with the mother: child temperament, and maternal behavior toward the child. We studied the moderating and mediating role of two dimensions of maternal behavior, sensitivity and intrusiveness, in the relationship between children's temperamental traits (frustration, soothability and activity level), on the one hand, and child negative behavior, on the other hand. The sample consisted of 112 mother–son dyads observed when the child was 17 months old. A temperament questionnaire was completed by the mothers. Child negative interactive behavior, maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness were observed at home during a 13-min play session. Maternal sensitivity was negatively related to child negative interactive behavior regardless of child temperament. Maternal intrusiveness, however, moderated the relation between activity level and negative behavior, i.e., children with high activity level showed higher levels of negative behavior especially when the mother was highly intrusive. Furthermore, maternal intrusiveness acted as a mediator in the relation between soothability and negative behavior, i.e., low soothability was linked to higher maternal intrusiveness, which in turn was associated with higher negative behavior.     

加强学校挫折教育健全学生心理素质

挫折教育是我国素质教育的重要组成部分,培养学生良好的受挫能力是学校心理健康教育的重要目标。加强对青少年挫折教育的重要性和必要性的正确认识,弄清开展挫折教育亟待解决的理论问题,探讨如何科学有效地开展挫折教育,是当前学校开展心理素质教育急需解决的重要课题。     

学生心理素质教育中挫折教育论析

挫折对学生的心理既能产生有益的作用，也会妨碍学生学业目标的实现。对学生进行挫折教育，要创设健康的社会心理环境，培养学生树立直面挫折的意识，利用榜样进行耐挫折教育，结合青少年的心理特征实施心理素质教育，创设挫折情境进行挫折教育，通过开展实践活动进行耐挫折教育。     

国外主要挫折理论及其教育启示

挫折是一种情绪状态。西方关于挫折的理论可以概括为两大类。其一是挫折情绪为何会产生;其二是挫折情绪会引起哪些反应。第一方面的理论主要有：本能论、需要和紧张的心理系统理论、社会文化理论、ABC理论;第二方面的理论主要有：挫折-攻击理论、挫折-倒退理论、挫折-效应理论。这些理论从不同角皇揭示了挫折这一情绪状态的来源和将会引起的反应,也从不同角度给我们的挫折教育及其研究以启示。     

自由与忧伤

面对现实与理想的差距,海子渴望到远方和麦地寻找自由和幸福。然而他最终也没有找到自己的精神家因——但他始终坚守自己的理想主义和浪漫主义情怀,不懈地传播他所谓的“大诗”和理想．他是一只孤独而又忧伤的天鹅,但他依然在飞行。海予的抒情短诗《天鹅》就是一曲时代的挽歌,也是一首天鹅的绝唱．     

学业挫折感对学生的影响及其成因

对中小学生来说，失败并非成功之母，因为学业挫折感对学生的消极影响远大于积极影响。造成学业挫折感的原因，一部分来自学生自身，更主要的则是来自学校教育的影响。     

考试中的挫折心理与调适

考试挫折心理是各类考试,特别是高考中普遍出现的心理问题。研究和探讨考试挫折心理的含义、产生原因、忍受力,以及由于挫折所产生的冲突、焦虑,对考生进行心理健康教育、调适应试心理、培养优秀心理品质,具有重要意义。     

Investigating the Multidimensionality of Need Fulfillment: A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Representation

This article assesses the multidimensionality of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (bifactor ESEM). The first study relies on a sample of community adults (N = 2,301), and revealed the superiority of a bifactor ESEM representation, supporting the 6-factor structure of BPNSFS ratings, and the presence of a single continuum of need fulfillment relative to 2 distinct dimensions reflecting need satisfaction and frustration. These results were replicated in a second representative sample of the Hungarian adult population (N = 504), as well as across gender, and found no evidence of differential item functioning as a function of age. Relative to males, females presented higher levels of relatedness satisfaction and lower levels of competence satisfaction. Finally, autonomy frustration decreased with age, whereas competence satisfaction and frustration presented opposite curvilinear tendencies, showing that the fulfillment of this need increased sharply for younger participants, a tendency that became less pronounced with age.     

“期待受挫”及其克服——当代文学诗歌教学文本解读初探

在当代文学诗歌教学中,“期待视城”每一环节的转换、倒错、阻塞都会形成“期待受挫”,从而导致学生的诗歌文本解读欣赏活动无法进行。因此,教师帮助学生克服受挫,是调整其既定心理图式,重建宽阔、动态发展的期待视域,以便其能更深入地解读文本的开始。而“期待受挫”及其克服需要从三个层次即文体期待、意象期待、意蕴期待上逐层展开。     

浅谈幼儿攻击性行为

针对幼儿攻击性行为现象，分析其产生的原因、后果及预防、纠正措施，从学校与家庭、家长与教师角度探讨正确培养幼儿健康良好个性的途径与方法。