几种食用真菌对甘蔗渣利用的研究

采用液体摇床发酵和固体平板培养技术,以甘蔗渣为唯一碳源,研究灵芝、大球盖菇、金针菇、柱状田头菇四种食用真菌对甘蔗渣的利用情况.测定在四种不同甘蔗渣含量的培养基中各食用真菌所产羧甲基纤维素酶活力和菌丝干重,同时测定了四种茵在平板上的菌丝生长速度.结果表明,灵芝在35g/L液体培养基中所产羧甲基纤维素酶活力最高达831U,所生长茵丝最重达1.162g.固体培养时,金针菇在30g/L生长速度最快达15mm/d.     

Ethanol as an antifungal treatment for paper: short-term and long-term effects

In paper conservation ethanol is used as an antifungal agent. However, information on the antifungal efficacy of this alcohol is scarce and often inconsistent. In this study, we clarify if ethanol is effective and safe to use in paper conservation in the short as well as in the long term. None of the tested ethanol concentrations (5–100%) promoted conidia germination, but rather delayed or entirely inhibited it, depending on alcohol concentration and contact time. In a simulation of an interventive treatment of samples colonized by fungi, all the tested ethanolic solutions (30, 70, and 100%) revealed antifungal activity. The best results were obtained with 70% ethanol, showing fungicidal properties on four of the five-tested fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Penicillium corylophilum). No deleterious effects of 70% ethanol on the tested paper were observed either in the short or in the long term.     

Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for reduction of fungi from sewage

The objective of the investigation was to study the application of ultrasound reactor technology （USRT） as a disinfectant for reduction of fungi from sewage effluent. Fungi are carbon heterotrophs that require preformed organic compounds as carbon sources. USRT is an attractive means to improve water quality because of the system simplicity and no production of toxic by-products. An ultrasound reactor produces strong cavitation in aqueous solution causing shock waves and reactive free radicals by the violent collapse of the cavitation bubble. These effects should contribute to the physical disruption of microbial structures and inactivation of organisms. There was significant reduction in fungal growth, with decreased fungal growth with increasing USRT. In this study, ultrasound irradiation at a frequency of 42 kHz was used to expose suspensions of fungi to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of the ultrasound reactor. Also, this study showed that in this system more than 99% reduction of sewage fungi was achieved after 60 min.     

云南思茅常见大型食用真菌

思茅雨量丰富，光照充足，一年四季气候湿润，森林覆盖面积大，孕育了丰富的真菌植物。经采集、调查和鉴定，思茅常见的食用大型真菌植物有36种。     

真菌与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的关系探讨

目的：探讨真菌与慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病的关系。方法：回顾分析2005．1-2005．8月在我科住院48例慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的临床资料。结果：48例患者真菌过敏原皮试阳性9例；鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸细胞阳性31例，真菌阳性13例，鼻窦CT窦腔实变，呈云雾状或有散在钙化点6例，其中1例上颌窦腔扩大，窦壁骨质吸收；病理检查均证实鼻息肉诊断，真菌阳性6例，变应性真菌性粘蛋白阳性4例，组织内均无真菌侵袭。所有48例患者术后随访6个月以上，有效率为93．8％。结论：真菌是鼻窦炎鼻息肉的致病因素之一，术前确诊变应性真菌性鼻窦炎非常必要。     

血细胞形态学检查诊断深部真菌感染探讨

目的:探讨血细胞形态学变化对深部真菌感染的诊断价值;方法:常规方法对深部真菌感染患者的外周血和骨髓进行血细胞形态学检查;结果:发现粒细胞系统反应性增生,并有较特异的形态学改变。主要为中性粒细胞的颗粒增多和空泡变性;结论:血细胞形态学变化对深部真菌感染具有提示性诊断价值。结合患者的临床资料,可对深部真菌感染作出初步诊断。     

628例尿沉渣检验中几个问题的分析探讨

目的:通过对门诊628例尿常规检查结果的分析,说明尿常规检查做到细致准确的必要性以及实际体会。方法:尿常规检查采用手工标准化方法结合干化学试带法,使结果更加准确可靠。结果:尿糖阳性的病人尿液中真菌检出率为11.8％。而尿糖阴性的病人尿液中真菌检出率为0.5％(P<0.01);肉眼血尿病人尿液脱落细胞检查可以为临床提供泌尿系肿瘤的信息;尿沉渣中红细胞达满视野/高倍,随蛋白尿加重,出现的频率增多,且红细胞形态呈非均一性比率增大(P<0.01)。结论:尿常规检查不但要做准,而且要求做得更细,真正为临床提供及时可靠的诊疗依据。     

Effect of selected fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD- 1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group （substrate） was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol （FG）, crude protein （CP）, amino acids （AA） and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease （P〈0.05） FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM （dry matter）, respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, Aniger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA （total amino acids） contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA （essential amino acids） were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly （P〈0.05）. The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly （P〈0.05）.     

蛇足石杉内生真菌的研究进展

蛇足石杉由于其治疗老年痴呆等疾病,具有特殊的药用价值和潜在的巨大经济价值,正日益受到国内外的关注。本文综述了近年来国内外对蛇足石杉内生真菌的生物学性状、分离纯化、菌种鉴定、发酵产物及活性筛选等方面的研究现状,并提出一些建议,对未来蛇足石杉内生真菌的研究进行了展望。     

VA菌根真菌提高沙棘抗旱性机理的研究

沙棘苗木菌根化能够提高其抗旱性 ,文章通过对菌根化苗木体内生理生化特性的研究 ,初步揭示了VA菌根真菌提高沙棘抗旱性的机理