运动性疲劳的细胞机制及研究进展

运动性疲劳是一个十分复杂的过程，并受到多种因素的影响，迄今为止人们对其产生的机理仍未达成一致的看法。本文就运动性疲劳的机制问题对近几年来研究的热点及最新进展情况试作阐述。     

Hierarchical clustering of a Finnish newspaper article collection with graded relevance assessments

Search facilitated with agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods was studied in a collection of Finnish newspaper articles (N = 53,893). To allow quick experiments, clustering was applied to a sample (N = 5,000) that was reduced with principal components analysis. The dendrograms were heuristically cut to find an optimal partition, whose clusters were compared with each of the 30 queries to retrieve the best-matching cluster. The four-level relevance assessment was collapsed into a binary one by (A) considering all the relevant and (B) only the highly relevant documents relevant, respectively. Single linkage (SL) was the worst method. It created many tiny clusters, and, consequently, searches enabled with it had high precision and low recall. The complete linkage (CL), average linkage (AL), and Ward's methods (WM) returned reasonably-sized clusters typically of 18–32 documents. Their recall (A: 27–52%, B: 50–82%) and precision (A: 83–90%, B: 18–21%) was higher than and comparable to those of the SL clusters, respectively. The AL and WM clustering had 1–8% better effectiveness than nearest neighbor searching (NN), and SL and CL were 1–9% less efficient that NN. However, the differences were statistically insignificant. When evaluated with the liberal assessment A, the results suggest that the AL and WM clustering offer better retrieval ability than NN. Assessment B renders the AL and WM clustering better than NN, when recall is considered more important than precision. The results imply that collections in the highly inflectional and agglutinative languages, such as Finnish, may be clustered as the collections in English, provided that documents are appropriately preprocessed.     

基于等级反应模型的CAT系统的研究和开发

计算机化自适应测验是现代测验研究中的一个重要领域,而目前大多研究都基于0-1评分模型,适用范围不广。本文对Samejima等级反应模型进行探讨和研究,运用DELPHI开发研制多级评分计算机化自适应测验。     

优化大学英语分级教学的几点建议

大学英语分级教学在全国各高校已成功推行并实施了若干年,在很大程度上满足了不同层次英语学习者的不同需求,提高了大学英语教学的质量。但是,分级教学在实施过程中不可避免地存在着一定的缺陷和不足。本文基于西北民族大学的大学英语分级教学实践,分析当前大学英语分级教学实践中的一些典型问题,并针对这些问题提出优化大学英语分级教学的几点建议。     

梯度饱和土层的一维固结度的计算

研究了梯度饱和土层在外荷载下的固结作用,利用Biot理论给出了固结的基本微分方程,一些材料常数假设为指数模型,当梯度系数为零时,退化为一维均匀饱和土层的固结,利用分离变量等方法,得到透水和不透水边界条件下孔隙压力,给出了固结度曲线。当梯度系数不为零时,给出了梯度饱和土在外荷载下的孔隙压力,利用固结度的定义,数值算例出了梯度饱和土层的固结度变化曲线,分析和讨论了梯度系数等对固结度的影响。这些结果对地基下沉量计算和预测有一定的理论价值和意义。     

M-分次环的弱分次根扩张

证明了如果M分次环S=x∈MSx是其分次子环R=x∈mRx的弱分次根扩张,则有JG(R)=JG(S)∩R.     

分次三角矩阵环的一个性质

对于分次三角矩阵环T=(RV0A)=( )x∈M(RxVx0Ax),证明T是分次左(右)Noether环当且仅当R=( )x∈MRx和A=( )x∈Max是分次左(右)Noether的且 RV(VA)是有限齐次生成的.     

浅谈英语中无标记比较结构

文章从不同角度、多层面论述英语无标记比较结构的一些语言现象.它是指通过采用词汇手段而形成的比较.     

松散结构砂砾基层的应用技术

根据广西沿海地区钦州、防城、北海历年在沥青路面基层中大量使用砂砾结构的实际情况和使用经验、施工方法等加以总结,合理利用这一结构可有效使用当地材料,降低工程造价,发挥良好的经济效益和社会效益,这种经验应总结提高和继续推广.     

Oxidants,antioxidant nutrients and the athlete

Strenuous physical exercise induces oxidative stress. There may be a number of sources of this oxidative stress, including mitochondrial superoxide production, ischaemia-reperfusion mechanisms and auto-oxidation of catecholamines. Severe or prolonged exercise can overwhelm antioxidant defences, which include vitamins E and C and thiol antioxidants, which are interlinked in an antioxidant network, as well as antioxidant enzymes. Evidence for oxidative stress and damage during exercise comes from direct measurement of free radicals, from measurement of damage to lipids and DNA, and from measurement of antioxidant redox status, especially glutathione. There is little evidence that antioxidant supplementation can improve performance, but a large body of work suggests that bolstering antioxidant defences may ameliorate exercise-induced damage, suggesting that the benefits of antioxidant intervention may be for the long term rather than the short term.