莫高窟第449窟东壁北侧非《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》辨析

有学者提出莫高窟经变中的经架只出现于《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》中,而且是判定《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》的特定标志,从而认为第449窟东壁门北有经架画面的《报父母恩重经变》应为《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》。本文对第449窟东壁门北是否为《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》进行了辨析,并说明经变中的经架并非判别《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经变》的唯一标志。     

Why should I be grateful? The morality of gratitude in contexts marked by injustice

In philosophical and psychological literature, gratitude has normally been promoted as beneficial to oneself and others and as morally good. Being grateful for what you have is conceived as virtuous, while acts expressing gratefulness to those who have benefited you is often regarded as morally praiseworthy, if not morally expected. However, critical interrogations of the moral status of gratitude should also frame the possible cultivation of gratitude in moral education. This article focuses on whether gratitude should be regarded as morally ideal, praiseworthy or expected in contexts marked by social inequity and injustice. It considers competing articulations of gratitude in philosophical and psychological research and how gratitude can be conceived in some cases as praiseworthy and in others as potentially problematic. Finally, it considers the implications of a multipronged view of gratitude for teaching for and about gratitude in social justice education.     

Child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms: Roles of self-compassion and gratitude

Child maltreatment, including abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) and neglect (physical and emotional), is positively associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood. However, most studies have been conducted within a psychopathological framework and focused on underlying dysfunctional processes (e.g., insecure attachment styles, maladaptive schemas, and negative attribution styles). Protective factors that affect the relationship between child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms are underexplored. Guided by emotion regulation theory and the perspective of positive psychology, we examined the roles of self-compassion and gratitude as protective factors in the relationship between child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms in a sample of 358 college students. Results showed that psychological maltreatment (emotional abuse and emotional neglect) was associated with adult depressive symptoms through decreased self-compassion. Neglect (emotional neglect and physical neglect) and sexual abuse were associated with adult depressive symptoms through decreased gratitude. There was no association between physical abuse and depressive symptoms through either self-compassion or gratitude. Our findings suggest that clinical practices focusing on self-compassion and gratitude might help prevent the development of adult depressive symptoms among clients with a history of maltreatment in childhood.     

Gratitude for teachers as a psychological resource for early adolescents: A mixed-methods study

In this mixed-methods study, we examine students’ gratitude for their teachers and the implications of that gratitude for their psychological adaptation. We report findings that gratitude for teachers (GT) is, in fact, a resource for students facing difficult circumstances outside school. More specifically, our hierarchical multiple regression models demonstrate that this form of gratitude decreases the negative association between adverse life events and students’ life satisfaction. GT also decreases the positive association between negative life events and students’ perceived stress. Then, we use coded material from student interviews to illustrate how they understand the ways that their GT helps them manage challenges in their personal lives. We conclude that students’ GT buffers the negative impact of adverse life events, because it helps students attend to the positive interactions and mentorship they have with their teachers and maintain focus on their future-oriented goals.     

社会转型期大学生感恩教育探析

感恩是中华民族的传统美德,是真善美的体现,是人文素质的重要内容。然而当代大学生中却出现了感恩意识缺失的现象,加大对大学生感恩意识的培养,对于改进社会风尚,构建和谐社会、和谐校园具有重要意义。     

感恩与和谐社会的构建

针对当前年轻一代"感恩"意识淡薄、"零感恩"现象以及整个社会"感恩"教育的缺失,人与人之间缺乏感恩之心.导致社会人际关系的冷淡这一社会现状,就感恩提出背景、感恩理论与评价进行回顾,根据已有的感恩理论探讨形成人人知恩感恩,促进个体和谐心理状态的发展以及构建和谐社会的重要意义.     

五邑地区高校大学生感恩教育现状及对策研究

广东五邑地区素来有"中国第一侨乡"的美誉,在对生活、学习于此的大学生群体进行的问卷调查过程中,本文了解了本地区高校学生的感恩意识现状,并试图在此基础上,结合广东五邑地区经济社会发展状况,分析当地大学生群体所呈现出感恩意识现状的原因,并由此提出合理化建议,一方面加强大学生群体的道德修养,另一方面促进地方社会和谐稳定发展。     

Balancing instrumental and identity goals in relationships: The role of request directness and request persistence in the selection of sexual resistance strategies

Research on sexual resistance has contributed significantly to our understanding of the strategies used by resisters, but has been relatively devoid of theoretical applications that shed light on mechanisms underlying the choice of strategy. Moreover, existing research in this area has mostly ignored the interactive and processual nature of sexual encounters. This investigation applied the general frameworks of Politeness Theory and Planning Theory to explain the selection of sexual resistance strategies following both initial and persisting requests. In addition, we investigated the contingent effects of request directness on characteristics of the resistance message and tested the influence of resister sex on strategy choice. The results extend knowledge in this area of inquiry by showing the impact of apparently shifting goals hierarchies for changes in strategy choice within the interaction. The implications of our findings for theoretical and applied claims about sexual resistance contexts are discussed, and suggestions for future research are advanced.     

An exploration of the role of gratitude in enhancing teacher–student relationships

Flourishing relationships are at the core of teachers' work and effective pedagogy. This paper presents an exploratory case study of 59 secondary schoolteachers to investigate the role that gratitude may have in enhancing teacher–student relationships. Although the potential of gratitude has been gaining international attention in the areas of positive and social psychology, there have only been a few studies on the effect of teachers' gratitude. The paper presents a conceptual framework that postulates the meaning and significance of gratitude in this context and then describes a qualitative case study. Results indicate that gratitude impacted positively on the teachers, classroom and school environment.     

A longitudinal study on the relationship among childhood emotional abuse,gratitude, and suicidal ideation of Chinese adolescents

Background and objectiveSuicidal ideation is a significant predictor of suicidal attempt. Based on the developmental psychopathology perspective and the resilience theory, this study examines whether trait gratitude mediates the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and adolescent suicidal ideation.Participants and settingA sample of 909 Grade 8 to Grade 9 adolescents aged 12–18 years in Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region in China, was recruited from six secondary schools.MethodA two-wave longitudinal study was conducted. Participants completed the same measures on Gratitude Quesitonnaire-6, Suicidal Ideation Scale, emotional subscale of Child Abuse and Trauma Scale at two time points 12 months apart.ResultsResults of cross-lagged analyses showed that adolescents’ suicidal ideation was positively associated with childhood emotional abuse and negatively associated with gratitude; further, the association between childhood emotional abuse and suicidal ideation was mediated by gratitude.ConclusionsFindings of this study implied that while exposure to parental emotional abuse might have an adverse impact on the development of gratitude, adolescents’ current level of gratitude still exerts its protective effect by directly reducing their suicidal ideation. Gratitude or other resilience factors that might comprise additional mediating mechanisms from childhood emotional abuse to mental health problems in later life is worthy of further investigation.