The inadequacy of individual educational program (IEP) goals for high school students with word-level reading difficulties

This investigation analyzed goals from the Individual Educational Programs (IEPs) of 54 high school students with diagnosed reading disabilities in basic skills (decoding and/or word identification). Results showed that for 73% of the students, the IEPs written when they were in high school failed to specify any objectives regarding their acute difficulties with basic skills. IEPs from earlier points in the students’ educations were also reviewed, as available. For 23 of the students, IEPs were present in the students’ files for three time points: elementary school (ES), middle school (MS), and high school (HS). Another 20 students from the sample of 54 had IEPs available for two time points (HS and either MS or ES). Comparisons with the IEPs from younger years showed a pattern of decline from ES to MS to HS in the percentage of IEPs that commented on or set goals pertaining to weaknesses in decoding. These findings suggest that basic skills deficits that persist into the upper grade levels are not being sufficiently targeted for remediation, and help explain why older students frequently fail to resolve their reading problems.     

天然水体中颗粒悬浮物对有机污染水体系净化的实验模拟

本文以上海竹圆地区苏州河底泥为研究对象,以化学耗氧量为主要的研究手段,进行了二部分的研究。第一部分研究了泥沙吸附有机污染物的最佳吸附量,最佳吸附酸度,最佳吸附时间和吸附饱和后泥沙的zeta电位,从而为第二部分的模拟实验选择最佳条件。通过实验得出:最佳吸附量3g/l(干重),最佳吸附酸度pH=7—9(与实际体系接近),最佳吸附时间1—3h,此时的CODcr去除率可达到50％,吸附饱和后的泥沙的等电点在pH=3左右,在pH=7—9的范围内zeta为15-20mv间,颗粒不稳定,易发生絮凝沉降。第二部分通过实验室模拟,研究了上海竹圆地区苏州河底泥对污水的降解,经过与无泥沙污水降解的对照,说明泥沙在天然水体自净化过程中所起的重要作用。实验表明,初始阶段,泥沙以吸附污水中的有机污染物为主,尤其在加入泥沙后的1—3h,这一现象更为明显,吸附饱和后,有机物的降解主要为附着在泥沙表面的各种微生物在起作用。     

The assessment of severely intellectually disabled students

In 1995 it became mandatory to establish individual educational plans (IEPs) for children with special educational needs in the Swedish compulsory school. On the basis of the pupils' needs, such a plan should contain information about the pupils' school situation and performance, the class, teaching etc. The aim of this article was to study how special educational needs are defined and described and what support measures the school is suggesting, using IEPs from a sample of Swedish compulsory schools. Our study is based on an analysis of IEPs for pupils with special educational needs in the nine‐year compulsory school in a municipality in northern Sweden. A strategic selection of three compulsory schools was made and we restricted the study to grades 3, 6 and 9. The method used to analyse the IEPs was content analysis. Using different theories within the field of special education and disability studies, we have tried to discern to what extent the problems described, and the proposed measures (intervention), are related to predetermined theoretical models of disability and special needs education. Our analysis indicates that difficulties are predominantly attributed to the pupils' shortcomings and individual characteristics, and the same holds for the recommended measures. Another interesting finding is that a number of the plans were established without involving the parents, and many of them did not even know that their child had an IEP. Finally, we discuss our findings in relation to different research traditions within the field of special education.     

Twelve Ways to Incorporate Strengths-Based Planning into the IEP Process

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 2004 (IDEA) requires public schools to assure that parents of students with disabilities have the opportunity to participate in Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Strengths-based IEPs focus on student strengths and abilities, rather than weaknesses and disabilities, in preparing parents and teachers for the IEP meeting, presenting information at the meeting, and documenting the meeting in writing. As a special education administrator for more than 27 years, the author has experience in working with parents from the strengths-based perspective, including encouraging parents to participate in the IEP process. In 1994 the author, along with parents of students with disabilities, developed a checklist for parents and public school teachers that focused on the strengths-based approach and was intended to encourage parents to participate actively in IEP meetings. Twelve techniques for reducing conflict and encouraging parents to participate in the IEP planning process at the middle and high school level are presented and described.     

Creating the effective school : The role of evaluation

The concept of children's rights evolved during the 1980s giving prominence to the role of children as active participants in the construction of their lives. The rhetoric of children's rights has emerged as an important consideration in all policy and practice relating to children. Implementation of children's rights in practice is necessary to maximise their potential to improve the lives of children. This paper presents an argument for the importance of giving meaning to the implementation of children's rights in the Individual Education Plan (IEP) process for pupils with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in Ireland. The study, on which this paper is based, was conducted in two stages using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The first stage focused on the development of a set of indicators for the IEP process based on a children's rights framework and informed by the perspectives of children, parents and teachers, alongside the literature on best practice on IEPs. In the second stage, a survey questionnaire was designed, based on the children's rights indicators, to evaluate current IEP practice in Ireland for pupils with autistic spectrum disorder. This article outlines the development of a set of indicators for the IEP process. It also presents findings of the survey which evaluates current practice in relation to the IEP process for pupils with ASD in Ireland. The article focuses specifically on Article 3(1) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) which stipulates that in all actions concerning children, ‘the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration’.     

From eligibility assessment to intervention for students with autism spectrum disorder

The mean age of identification for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs during the months before children enter kindergarten. The incidence and prevalence of “autistic behaviors” in the general population are not fully understood, however, census-matched studies of these behaviors have yielded important new data. As children presenting with behaviors characteristic of ASD enter school, school psychologists are increasingly faced with the assessment and determination of individuals with disabilities improvement act (IDEIA) eligibility, often with students yet to be formally diagnosed with ASD. In many US states, a clinical diagnosis of ASD is not required for a child's eligibility to be served under the category of other health impaired as autism. Nor does a diagnosis of ASD automatically qualify a student as eligible under IDEIA. Eligibility hinges on educational impact. This article briefly reviews the current state of knowledge as it relates to understanding and evaluating children with suspected ASD in the schools, offers a framework for assessment, and discusses a set of proposed guidelines to assist in effectively utilizing assessment data in the development of individualized education plan goals.     

美韩网络设备企业采购战略对我国的启示

本文首先以思科公司和韩亚系统公司为例，对美国和韩国的网络设备企业的先进采购战略进行了分析和介绍，然后提出了对我国网络设备企业的四点启示，并对这四点作了较详细的论述。     

浊度/分光光度法与毛细管等电点聚焦法测定明胶等电点及其分布的比较研究（英文）

等电点是蛋白质最重要的物理化学性质之一。目前有多种测定等电点的方法。本文利用最简单的浊度/分光光度法和最先进的毛细管等电点聚焦法分别测定了河南牛皮明胶的等电点，对两种方法进行比较并论证了后一种方法的优势。     

九年级随班就读学生个别化教育计划文本分析研究

随班就读是我国残疾儿童安置的主体形式,个别化教育计划的制定和实施是随班就读学生个别化教育的保障.本研究采用自编个别化教育计划检核表,对上海市九年级随班就读学生个别化教育计划文本内容进行检核.研究发现:随班就读学生个别化教育计划存在计划间不连续、学习基础的制定过于简单、长短期目标缺乏联系、目标达成情况差等问题.文章还就如何提高个别化教育计划质量提出了建议.