生活方式、体育锻炼与中年男性糖耐量减低

目的:探讨中年男性糖耐量减低(IGT)发病的相关危险因素中,生活方式和体育锻炼对IGT发病的影响。方法:采用问卷调查方法,对入选的172例IGT患者、177例糖耐量正常(NGT)者进行调查,在IGT的相关危险因素中,比较分析其中的生活方式和体育锻炼与IGT发病的关系,结果:(1)饭量>400g/天,IGT组91.9%(158例/172例),明显高于NGT组的41.8%(74例/177例),有显著性差异(x2=103.646,P<0.01);(2)摄肉量>100g/天,IGT组62.2%(107例/172例)高于NGT组的40.7%(72例/177例),有显著性差异(x2=16.187,P<0.01);(3)吸烟20支/日且持续2年以上的,IGT组51.2%(88例/172例)高于NGT组的9.04%(16例/177例),有显著性差异(x2=95.644,P<0.01);(4)每周3次以上(含3次)的体育锻炼,IGT组15.1%(26例/172例),低于NGT组的65.5%(116例/177例),有显著性差异(x2=94.818,P<0.01)。结论:饭量>400g/天、摄肉量>100g/天、吸烟及体育锻炼少可能与中年男性IGT关系密切。     

Prevalence of insulin resistance in first degree relatives of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: A prospective study in north Indian population

A total of 172 first degree relatives (FDRs) and 178 controls were included in this study. All the cases and controls were subjected to various anthropometric measurements, fasting and postprandial glucose estimation, fasting insulin measurement and fasting lipid profile. Results revealed the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) (cases 37% Vs controls 11.6%), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) (cases 34.3% Vs controls 11.2%) and diabetes (cases 11.05% controls 3.37%) was significantly higher in first degree relatives. Insulin resistance was measured using various methods, which included fasting plasma insulin (FPI), Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA_IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (Mffm/l). Prevalence of insulin resistance (Insulin Resistance) as observed comparing FPI and HOMA_IR in cases and controls was 43.6% and 11.24% (P=0.005) and 37.8% and 12.47% (P=0.000) respectively. Prevalence of IR (Insulin Resistance) observed in cases having Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus measuring FPI Vs HOMA_IR was 37.5% vs 30.2%, 45% vs 40%, 38.98% vs 37.28% and 36.84% vs 31.57% as accordingly. However, ISI (Mffm/l) was not found to be a promising index for IR due to its poor specificity. Though HOMA is taken as gold standard for measurement of IR globally, our study observed fasting plasma insulin representing high sensitivity (89.7%) and specificity (93.3%) as compared to HOMA. Thus FPI had emerged in this work as a simple and reliable test for diagnosing insulin resistance across the population susceptible to develop diabetes including FDRs.     

中国固体废弃物产生利用与经济脱钩情况探讨——基于IGT方程模型

从固体废物产生利用与经济的定量表达式——IGT方程出发，以1999—2016年中国固体废弃物的产生和利用量为样本，探究固体废弃物产生和利用及与经济增长之间的脱钩情况。研究表明：在“十五”“十一五”“十二五”3个时期，国内固体废弃物生产的平均脱钩指数分别为0.2、0.23、0.6，均处于相对脱钩状态；固体废弃物利用的平均脱钩指数分别为-0.2、-0.01、0.7，是从未脱钩状态向脱钩状态转变。通过对固体废弃物产生和利用脱钩指数的研究，充分了解近年来我国固体废弃物的产生和利用状况，从而为进一步提高固体废弃物的利用率提供参考。     

糖耐量减低人群的干预措施

糖尿病已成为继心血管疾病和肿瘤之后的第3位威胁人类健康的非传染性疾病。糖耐量减低(IGT)是2型糖尿病前期,患者每年以10%的速度进展为糖尿病。糖尿病是一种目前不可根治的终生性疾病,可引起急慢性并发症而致残致死。及早对IGT者采取行为干预和药物干预可减少糖尿病的发病率。     

爱荷华博弈任务(IGT)与决策的认知神经机制

为探究个体在决策过程中的哪个阶段有更好的决策表现,改进经典爱荷华博弈任务(Iowa Gambling Task, IGT), 发展出变式IGT。实验一、二主要用于确认变式IGT是否能实现经典IGT的功能,是否能分离决策过程,以及关于四副牌的知识对任务表现的影响;实验三是基于上述实验结果的程序优化,以提高被试的时间敏感性,进一步验证实验一、二的结果。结果显示,变式IGT实现了经典IGT的基本功能,并且能够实现对IGT决策过程的分离,能更精确地识别出进入概念水平的时程。健康成年被试进入概念水平的时间是在200个试次之后,比经典IGT的80次更迟。结果表明,拥有四副牌知识的多少不影响被试的任务表现,而“跳过”和“放弃”不利选项会使决策表现更好。