农村信息服务体系建设亟待解决的问题——来自革命老区农民信息需求调查报告

在中国,农村人口约占全国总人口的70%左右,同时农业是国民经济发展的基础。农业信息化建设关系到全国信息化建设,更是现代化建设的重中之重。本文以革命老区湖北省红安县农民作为调查对象,分析当地农村劳动人口的基本构成,讨论了该地区农民对农村政策、农业科技、农村市场等信息需求情况,进而对其中存在的问题进行分析,并就加强我国农村信息化建设提出一些建议。     

Update: The Invisible Farmer: securing Australian farm women’s history

This article reviews the Invisible Farmer project – the largest study of Australian women on the land – a third of the way through its three year funding period. It introduces the aims of this collaborative and multidisciplinary project, focusing on the role of records and oral histories in the creation of new narratives, and the task of raising public awareness of the important historical and contemporary contributions made by Australian women farmers. We examine the way digital platforms work to curate records and promote research, and outline the important role that the Australian Women’s Register, a core project of the Australian Women’s Archives Project, will play in achieving outcomes.     

江苏省南通地区“算账”事件研究——透析平息退社风潮中的打击单干户现象

1957年春，江苏省南通地区普遍发生了向单干户“算账”的事件，造成了恶劣的影响。这是当地基层干部为了打击单干户、强迫单干户入社，以单干户在水利建设方面少承担了一些负担等为理由而发起的。当地各级领导指导工作中存在错误是发生“算账”事件的重要原因。“算账”事件被制止后，有关地方纠正了错误，遗留问题得到了善后处理。     

创业教育--农职院校服务"三农"的必然选择

以提高学生自我谋职能力和创办小企业能力为目的的创业教育,适应了劳动力就业方式的积极转变。对于直接为“三农”服务的农业职业院校来说,开展创业教育,培养创业型人才,适应了农村经济和农村社会发展中对大批民营农业企业家、“七小”农场主以及中、初级农业技术人才和高素质劳动者的需求,是学校自身发展的客观需要。     

积极心理学运动及对我国新农村建设的启示

积极心理学是上世纪末兴起的一场心理学运动,积极心理学关注于人所具有的种种美德、积极品质、积极能力和积极潜力等人性中的积极方面,致力于使生活更加富有意义。不管是在发展理念层面,还是在具体的发展战略实施层面,积极心理学的这些主张都对我国今天新农村的建设具有很大的启示意义。     

A Survey of Documentary Materials Available on U.S. Tribal Websites

This survey of official U.S. tribal websites examined sites for documentary materials of importance to each tribe that have been archived online, including such materials as historical essays, photos, videos, maps, newspapers, legal and historical documents, historical images, books, pamphlets, bibliographies, cultural and language materials. The materials found on those websites appear to be intended for the use of both tribal members and the general public. The result of the survey was to show that many of the same types of documentary materials held in tribal archives are also available on official websites, and to produce a current snapshot of the large array of tribal records which have been made openly available, although the length of time each document will be available on each site is unknown.     

关于陕西农民增收的思考

没有农民的富裕，全面建设小康是不可能的。文章结合陕西实际，从分析陕西农民收入增长的特点谈起，剖析了影响陕西农民增收的深层次原因，并在此基础上提出了一些对策，供决策者参考。     

农村合作经济组织增进融资绩效的机制分析

传统农村金融安排由于其制度上存在缺陷,不能有效地满足广大农户的金融需求,农村金融资源流失严重。农村合作经济组织是伴随农业产业结构调整而衍生出来的一种中介组织。当其以中间变量的形式存在于农村金融组织与农户之间后,便可以通过其组织职能、载体职能及中介与服务职能派生出多种机制来有效地降低农村金融交易费用,增进农户融资绩效。     

Results of an assessment to identify potential barriers to sustainable agriculture on American Indian reservations in the Western United States

Purpose: This paper reports the results of survey research conducted with tribal producers between 2011 and 2012 on 19 of the largest American Indian reservations in Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. The purpose of the research was to identify potential barriers to sustainable agriculture on reservation lands. This article reports the results of this research in an effort to promote Extension professionals' understanding of these barriers, which may help to improve outreach programs on American Indian reservations. Understanding the obstacles to sustaining agriculture that American Indian tribes face may inform international agricultural outreach efforts to increase food security targeting indigenous and tribal peoples worldwide.

Design/Methodology/Approach: American Indian agricultural producers comprised the study group. Study objectives included: (1) identify agricultural and natural resource issues of greatest concern to a self-selected sample of tribal agricultural producers on reservation lands; (2) evaluate access to Extension and other US Department of Agriculture outreach and assistance programs; and (3) evaluate the quality of these programs in terms of their relativity to tribal needs.

Findings: Study results indicate that tribal agricultural producers surveyed ranked 29 of 39 agricultural and natural resource issues as a concern. Similarly, they rated access to and quality of outreach programs as fair. Further, tribal producers operating on reservation trust land rated issues more severely than did tribal producers operating on fee simple lands.

Practical Implications: Results of this research will help Extension and other outreach professionals to understand the barriers indigenous and tribal peoples face in sustaining agricultural operations, particularly tribal groups living on federally reserved trust lands, such as American Indians. An increased understanding can inform agricultural policy-makers and outreach professionals in improving programs designed to increase agricultural sustainability, improve food security, enhance economic well-being and improve quality of life of indigenous and tribal peoples worldwide.

Originality/Value: This research provides important information to agricultural policy-makers and Extension professionals striving to sustain agricultural productivity and enhance food security with indigenous and tribal peoples.     

农业和农村经济结构战略性调整与农民增收

对农业和农村经济结构的战略性调整，是促进农村经济发展、增加农民收入、提高经济增长质量和效益的根本性措施。在调整过程中要走好发展乡镇企业、加快小城镇建设和农业产业化经营几步棋。要调整乡镇企业产业结构。小城镇建设应因地制宜，东部重点可放在建设农村工业小区和发展农村小城镇上，中西部地区宜重点建设县级以上城市和区位优势明显的建制镇。