Community differences in the implementation of Strong Communities for Children

In 1993, the U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect recommended a neighborhood-based strategy to prevent child abuse and neglect. The Board further recommended the development of Prevention Zones to allow for testing of the effectiveness of community-wide child protection efforts in neighborhoods of differing population density, ethnic and cultural composition, and social and economic resources. Following the Board's recommendation, this article presents the results of a trial of the effectiveness of a neighborhood-based strategy in low- and high-resource communities. Using management, survey, and administrative data, the research showed that both community types experienced declines in founded cases of and injuries suggesting child maltreatment for children under age 5. Low-resource communities experienced greater levels of mobilization, as measured by community and institutional engagement, and a greater number of positive outcomes related to changes in the quality of life for families and community norms relative to child and family well-being. In particular, the low-resource communities experienced the largest increases in receiving help from neighbors, neighboring, perceived household safety for neighborhood children, and observed positive parenting. High-resource communities experienced greater increases in intermediate outcomes related to self-reported parenting practices. The findings suggest that, ultimately, community mobilization can occur and be an effective means of preventing child maltreatment across community types. It appears, however, that community mobilization may play a more significant role in low-resource communities.     

《儒林外史》卧评和天评中的讽刺艺术论

《儒林外史》卧评和天评中的讽刺艺术论是对《儒林外史》典范性讽刺艺术的开创性研究。他们从运用讽刺手法的原因、目的、原则以及讽刺技法的使用等方面对《儒林外史》的讽刺艺术进行了全面的分析。     

An investigation of Taiwan University students' perceptions of online academic help seeking, and their web-based learning self-efficacy

This study was conducted to investigate Taiwan University students' perceptions (including experience, confidence and preference) of online academic help seeking (OAHS) and students' level of web-based learning self-efficacy (WLSE). Two instruments, OAHS questionnaire, consisting of information searching, formal and informal query scales, and WLSE questionnaire, including general and functional scales, were then validated through collecting the responses from 300 university students. Results indicate reciprocal relations between experience, confidence and preference in students' online academic help seeking behaviors. Students' academic help seeking behaviors were related to their general self-efficacy in a web-based course setting. Students' functional WLSE was related to their perceptions of information searching for OAHS. Findings of this study also imply that students' experience of seeking help from informal online channels is prominent when they participate in a web-based course.     

Instructor Humor as a Moderator of Instructors’ Inappropriate Conversations and Instructional Dissent

This study (N?=?326) was conducted to examine the associations among instructor humor, inappropriate conversations, and instructional dissent. First, results showed students are more likely to employ rhetorical dissent when they perceive their instructors as humorous in the classroom. Second, using expectancy violations theory as a guide, results also indicated that students’ perceptions of instructor-relevant humor moderated the relationships between enactment of inappropriate conversations and students’ expressive and vengeful dissent. These findings support the importance of employing relevant humor in course instruction, especially when instructors engage in inappropriate conversations in the college classroom.     

美国非正式科学教育的发展经验及对我国的启示

通过对目前美国学生的非正式科学教育发展历史演变过程的阐释与其当代特点的分析,揭示出美国非正式科学教育,已发展到以学习科学研究为基础和以政策支持为保障的成熟期。我国目前学生的非正式科学教育处于不成熟期,其改革与发展不仅需要包括科学界在内的相关部门的支持和加强相关基础研究工作,而且需要进行中国传统文化的改造、政策制定和实施过程的民主环境建设以及需要有效的评价手段和技术的完善。     

No inventor is an island: Social connectedness and the geography of knowledge flows in the US

Do informal social ties connecting inventors across distant places promote knowledge flows between them? To measure informal ties, we use a new and direct index of social connectedness of regions based on aggregate Facebook friendships. We use a well-established identification strategy that relies on matching inventor citations with citations from examiners. Moreover, we isolate the specific effect of informal connections, above and beyond formal professional ties (co-inventor networks) and geographic proximity. We identify a significant and robust effect of informal ties on patent citations. Further, we find that the effect of geographic proximity on knowledge flows is entirely explained by informal social ties and professional networks. We also show that the effect of informal social ties on knowledge flows is greater for new entrepreneurs or ‘garage inventors’, for older or ‘forgotten’ patents, and for flows across distant technology fields. It has also become increasingly important over the last two decades.     

Students’ perceptions of career conversations with their teachers

Internationally, schools acknowledge their responsibility in guiding students not only in their academic growth, but also in their lifelong career development. In relation to this development, vocational schools in the Netherlands are implementing integral career guidance in which teachers receive a new task in guiding students in developing their own learning and career paths. A questionnaire was developed to investigate students’ perceptions of career guidance by teachers during career conversations, and data involving 28 teachers were collected from 579 students. The study identified four different teacher guidance profiles. Remarkable is that teachers spoke very little about career issues, and school issues were mostly on the agenda. The results indicate that teachers struggle with the transition towards becoming a career guide of students, and aspects influencing the transition into this new role need to be considered.     

高校图书馆非正式出版物的收集与整理

高校图书馆在采集非正式出版物时,应坚持基础性与前瞻性、共同性与差异性、文献资料与实物资料相结合的原则,制定校内呈缴制度,以社会捐赠为主,辅以馆际交换与网络搜集。对于非正式出版物的整理,高校图书馆应该在对资料进行初步分析与规划的基础上确定整理目标,制定并及时更新、调整元数据著录方案,建立完善的资料管理制度,从而确保非正式出版物收集与整理的可持续性。     

国家图书馆非正式出版物收藏的国内外比较

在对非正式出版物概念进行界定的基础上,介绍了国外发达国家和国内图书馆非正式出版物的收藏和利用情况,并从模式特色、理论法源、文献类型、出版机构、征集方式、书目控制及利用管理七个方面对国家图书馆非正式出版物的收藏进行了国内外比较,最后针对国家图书馆非正式出版物收藏的几个基本问题、采访范围和采访要求、将非正式出版物纳入呈缴范围等提出了一些建议。