FAIR原则背景下基于机构知识库的高校科学数据管理平台研究

科学数据不仅是科学研究的成果,也是科学研究的对象与工具,是科研机构、科研人员研究交流的重要资源。科学数据管理是对科学数据进行搜集、整理、保存、共享,促进科学数据的价值再提升。随着FAIR原则研究的不断深入,越来越多的机构接受并支持该原则成为科学数据管理的国际准则。文章以河海大学为例,从系统架构、质量控制、服务体系等方面探究高校机构知识库在科学数据管理方面的应用以及实践科学数据的可发现、可访问、可互操作、可重用等原则,旨在为机构知识库在FAIR原则背景下实现科学数据的有效管理提供对策和参考。     

科研机构对机构知识仓储认知和服务需求调查分析*

 采用调查问卷方式,对中国科学院科研院所内科研人员对机构知识仓储的“认知情况和对IR系统所提供服务的需求”进行调查,对回收的数据作统计分析和归纳总结。指出此次调查存在的不足,部署下一步工作。     

The Organizational Tension of Othering

In this paper narratives submitted to this issue are reviewed and critiqued using the feminist lenses of othering and organizational irrationality. Four emergent themes in the narratives are identified and discussed, with the themes and the feminist critique of them used to provide a set of recommendations for developing researcher-IRB working relationships.     

Organizational Power and the Institutional Review Board

In this essay, we respond to the narratives and essays in this issue by examining organizational power issues related to researchers and institutional research boards (IRBs). Rather than taking a singular perspective on power, we use multiple perspectives and suggest that the cumulative analyses provide the best understanding of IRBs and organizational power.     

The IR Has Two Faces: Positioning Institutional Repositories for Success

This article describes the ongoing efforts at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries to evolve the role of the institutional repository (IR) and to effectively position it within the context of the Libraries’ collections, research support, and scholarly communication services. A major component of this process is re-examining the fundamental aims of the IR and aligning it to the Libraries and the campus strategic goals. The authors situate UNLV Libraries’ experience within the context of the current literature to provide background and reasoning for our decision to pursue two, at times conflicting, aims for the IR: one for scholarly communication and another for research administration.     

Research universities on the ResearchGate social networking site: An examination of institutional differences,research activity level,and social networks formed

As one of the largest active academic social networking sites, ResearchGate (RG) has been utilized by scholars to share publications, seek collaborators, communicate work in progress, and build scholarly reputation. This study collects data from RG users from 61 U.S. research universities at different research activity levels, as categorized by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, to examine the impact of institutional differences on RG reputational metrics. The results confirm that RG is a research-oriented academic social networking site that closely and realistically mirrors the research activity level of institutions. With an increase in the research activity level of a university, its affiliated RG users tend to have higher RG scores, more publications and citations, and more profile views and followers, while the average number of reads of their publications and followees tend to be lower and fluctuant. In addition, RG users primarily follow others from institutions of a higher research activity level, forming virtual social networks centered around esteemed institutions. The study suggests academic social networks can serve as indicators in evaluation of research activities among research institutions, and such sites can be helpful and credible for acquiring resources, keeping informed about research, and promoting academic influence.     

公共图书馆对城市边缘群体心理援助探索

公共图书馆是传播教育、文化和信息的一支有生力量,是促使人们寻找和平与精神幸福的基本资源.作者试图探索一些方法以帮助边缘群体克服他们的的心理问题.     

少儿初学者的新型游泳背漂的设计与应用

针对现有背漂舒适度差、阻力大、易上滑的缺点,意在改良和设计一款新型背漂--鳍翼。采用观察法、问卷调查法、实验法,运用流体力学、运动生物力学原理,对新型背漂进行调查和实验研究。调查结果显示,与现有背漂相比,新型背漂舒适度良好。实验结果显示,与现有背漂相比,新型背漂出现系带滑落的次数、背漂上滑距离明显较少（P＜0.05）,且在25 m蛙泳腿测试中,实验组佩戴新型背漂的25 m蛙泳腿游进速度比对照组佩戴原有背漂的游进速度快,并存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。研究结果表明新型背漂比原有背漂的阻力小,结构更优化,有利于学员更快、更安全地学习游泳,也有利于提高教练的教学效果。     

我国义务教育阶段贫困生救助的理论分析

教育是人类文明的产物，教育水平是国家兴衰的标志。我国现在基本上普及了九年义务教育。但现实中依然有大量适龄儿童失学辍学，这一状况引起了各界的普遍关注。但我国近几年人们对贫困生救助问题的关注更多的是集中在大学贫困生救助上，对义务教育阶段贫困生问题的普遍性和严峻性没有充分的认识。文章从义务教育的性质和意义、教育公平、义务教育阶段贫困生救助增进社会整体利益的最大化采探讨我国义务教育阶段的贫困生救助问题。     

人权保障视野下强制辩护制度探讨

强制辩护制度对保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的权利有重要意义，在人权保障的大背景下，构建强制辩护制度显得尤为必要。我国应当构建全面的强制辩护制度，即在刑事诉讼的侦查、起诉、审判程序中，没有辩护人为被告人、犯罪嫌疑人辩护，则刑事诉讼程序不能继续进行。这种强制是对公检法机关、对政府、对律师以及对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的强制。构建强制辩护制度是人权保障必然的价值选择，也是重新确立律师应有的社会地位．改善律师生存环境的需要。