Using Political Journalists’ Definitions of Public Opinion to Predict Source Use in Political News

This study examined political journalists’ definitions of public opinion and how these definitions influence the structure of political news stories. After considering prior conceptualizations of public opinion, a scale of two distinct definitions of public opinion was created, consisting of the optimist’s and the pessimist’s definitions. Using a survey of political journalists in the United States, these public opinion definitions were significant predictors of the use of particular sources in political news stories. Importantly, the two definitions had opposite influences on the use of opinion polls, shedding light on the discrepancy in use and perception of poll results in political news.     

在以正确舆论引导人方面发挥重要作用——学习《江泽民文选》关于新闻工作论述的体会

通过学习《江泽民文选》,总结临沧日报社发展的历程,都是坚持正确舆论导向,"理清思路、带好队伍、谋求发展"的结果,提出要更好地承担起党和人民赋予的神圣使命,新闻工作者必须努力提高思想素质和业务素质。     

Information behavior of journalists: Analysis of critical incidents of information finding and use

This study is aimed at investigating information behavior of journalists in Kuwait. It attempted to seek answers to questions such as how search for information is initiated, what information sources are preferred and how successful is information finding? Journalists were asked to report critical incidences of information finding related to their recent journalistic assignment through a questionnaire. Analysis of 42 critical incidents indicated that journalistic assignments were in four major areas: political, cultural business, and sports. In most cases, background information was most frequently sought type of information. Internet was the most frequently used information source even though some journalists perceived that information available on the various websites may not be very objective. A follow up study is planned to be carried out to discuss the findings with a selected group of journalists using focus group discussions.     

Defining Journalists in Late-Nineteenth Century Britain

This article uses journalists’ memoirs, professional publications, and handbooks to show how British journalists projected images of themselves in the late nineteenth century. In a period of professional and social insecurity, journalists employed such self-presentations as a way of legitimizing their “title to be heard” in the public sphere. Rather than demand that journalism be converted into a closed profession comparable to law or medicine, journalists presented theirs as an “open profession” in which ability and hard work automatically led to success. Although such self-projections legitimized the status of elite journalists, they hampered attempts to improve journalists’ working conditions.     

Journalists’ Perception of Time Pressure: A Global Perspective

ABSTRACT

This study presents the first global perspective on journalists’ perception of temporal acceleration in their professional life. Based on the second wave of Worlds of Journalism Study data, encompassing 63 countries and 26,514 replies, the article pursues the question of how journalists perceive time pressure at the workplace. The article looks further at the answers of those journalists who have been in the job for more than five years, whether they saw time pressure increase, decrease or stay the same. Based on a sample of 17,382 responses, this study places the answers into distinct clusters. These are used to establish a ranking of the 63 countries in terms of work time perceptions. It emerges that, even when using the single indicator of time pressure, clear inferences can be made about the ways information is acquired and how this affects journalists’ working practices.     

民国记者的关系网与新闻采集网

民国时期的新闻采集网是嵌入中国传统关系网的差序格局之中运作的。关系网在提高记者新闻采集工作效率的同时也使其复杂化,这主要表现为新闻采集网的规模受制于关系网的缩胀,新闻采集网与关系网形成高度共生关系,以及关系网内外呈现出竞合并存的矛盾态势。     

Question Bias and Violations of Comparability in Intraparty Debates: Iowa and New Hampshire, 2004

Televised political debates are highly effective tools for familiarizing prospective voters with the field of candidates during primary campaigns. However, the questions journalists ask in such debates often diminish the degree to which viewers can truly compare one candidate to the next. An analysis of questions asked in two debates at the height of the 2004 primaries finds the standard of comparability repeatedly violated as well as a clear pattern of inequity in the distribution of questions among candidates. Questions asked in these crucial debates imposed labels and domains on the candidates, through a particularly hostile line of questioning directed at the viable contenders. This article provides a tool for identifying question bias and emphasizes the need to address this understudied aspect of debates in light of its importance.     

Journalism and emerging professionalism in Ireland

This article examines one of the first attempts by Irish journalists to establish a professional representative organisation. Established in near-tandem and in response to the establishment of the National Association of Journalists of Great Britain in 1884, the Association of Irish Journalists presents a unique insight into early attempts at professionalism by Irish journalists that were ultimately thwarted by the bitter divisions that, amid demands for home rule and a violent campaign for tenant rights, characterised Irish politics and journalism in the late nineteenth century. While no records of the Association survive, this article utilises digital newspaper archives to shed light on journalistic practice, solidarity, and division amid early attempts at professional organisation among journalists in late nineteenth-century Ireland.     

东亚操觚者大会到底举办了几届?——对一段史学界定论的重写

此文改写了史学界认为东亚操觚者大会只召开过3届的定论,证实早在1940年2月21日即所谓日本建国2600年纪念日当天,即由日本东京市政府出面召开过一届会议,中国境内包括伪满、伪华北临时政府、伪华中维新政府、伪蒙疆自治政府、伪广州市公署等汉奸政权都曾派记者参加,是应为第一届东亚操觚者大会。此届大会因日本事先没有准备具体提案,因此最后并无实质性结果,但是日本政府通过会后周密安排中国的汉奸报人参观、考察各处工厂,向其展示日本的战争潜力,达到了为汉奸鼓气壮胆的目的。