伤寒LPS-PHA快速诊断试剂盒的评价

本文对伤寒LPS-PHA诊断试剂盒进行现场应用评价.来自各医院和不同地区977份不同类型的血清标本作LPS-PHA检测的同时与Widal试验作比较,结果伤寒沙门氏菌血培养阳性46份血清标本前者检出率(86.96％)显著高于后者(67.39％),两者在统计学上有显著差异(X~2=4.999,P<0.025),95份Widal试验阳性血清LPS-PHA阳性率为97.89％,漏检2份系乙型副伤寒抗体阳性者.607份对照血清标本LPS-PHA的假阳性率1.48％,低于Widal试验(4.84％).伤寒LPS-PHA的敏感度和特异度(94.33％和98.52％)高于Widal试验(89. 36％和95.72％).其他5项评价指标(阳性和阴性预示值,粗一致性,调整一致性和约登指数)亦都较Widal试验好.因此,LPS-PHA诊断试剂盒能满足目前临床上早期快速诊断伤寒的要求.但不适用于追溯诊断和血清流行病学调查.     

数学课堂教学中的学生评价研究——基于两位教师课堂录像的编码分析

基于LPS项目资料库中北京地区两位优秀教师每人连续5节自然状态下课堂实录,通过编码,分析现代教育评价理念背景下,部分优秀数学课堂中课堂教学过程中的学生评价(以下简称课堂评价)的实施情况,以及不同课堂间的差异.希望能够为课堂评价的理论与实践带来一定的启示.     

Documents Data Miner(r)

Abstract

In April 1998, the Documents Data Miner (DDM) was announced as a partnership site of the Government Printing Office's Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), with an enhanced proto     

液相烧结SiC基复合材料的组织与力学性能研究

以α-SiC和BaAl2Si2O8（BAS）为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了SiC基复合材料．研究了添加剂对液相烧结SiC基复合材料的致密化、显微组织、抗弯强度及断裂行为的影响．测试结果表明,添加剂BAS有效促进了SiC基复合材料的致密化．40wt％BAS／SiC复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别高达454MPa和5．1MPa·m^1/2．复合材料的主要增韧机制为SiC晶粒的拔出、裂纹偏转和裂纹桥连．     

细菌内毒素研究

细菌内毒素是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁外膜的脂多糖（LPS)成分,其生物学活性多样,亦是革兰氏阴性菌感染病死率高的原因之一。本文介绍了其研究历史、提纯方法、存在部位、分子组成、生物合成、生物学活性及检测方法等。     

Effect of Palrnatine on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting activation of the Akt/NF‍-κB pathway

Inflammation plays an important role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Severe pulmonary inflammation can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or even death. Expression of proinflammatory interleukin-‍1β (IL-‍1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the process of pulmonary inflammation will further exacerbate the severity of ALI. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Palrnatine (Pa) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse ALI and its underlying mechanism. Pa, a natural product, has a wide range of pharmacological activities with the potential to protect against lung injury. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were performed to detect the expression and translation of inflammatory genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect the degree of P65 translocation into the nucleus. We also used molecular modeling to further clarify the mechanism of action. The results showed that Pa pretreatment could significantly inhibit the expression and secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, and significantly reduce the protein level of the proinflammatory protease iNOS, in both in vivo and in vitro models induced by LPS. Further mechanism studies showed that Pa could significantly inhibit the activation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the LPS-induced ALI mode and in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Through molecular dynamics simulation, we observed that Pa was bound to the catalytic pocket of Akt and effectively inhibited the biological activity of Akt. These results indicated that Pa significantly relieves LPS-induced ALI by activating the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.     

“肠漏-免疫激活”的弱化——运动减轻抑郁性神经炎症的新通路

“肠漏”指的是在外界应激、高脂膳食等作用下,肠道通透性发生改变,使得肠道内革兰氏阴性菌发生移位,产生一系列的免疫激活。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)是肠道革兰氏阴性菌的主要组成部分,也是内毒素的主要活性成分。应激能够损坏肠粘膜屏障,增加肠道通透性,从而使LPS移位进入血液,在血清中由LPS结合蛋白运输至单核细胞和巨噬细胞,再与Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor-4,TLR4)结合后激活机体的神经免疫系统,相关脑区免疫系统的激活可能导致抑郁行为的发生。TLR4信号通路过度激活是抑郁的触发因素之一。适度运动可以弱化“肠漏-免疫激活-抑郁性神经炎症”,缓解海马神经发生、神经营养因子的减少。运动对“肠漏-免疫激活”的调控是治疗抑郁行为的潜在靶点。对该机制的探讨、梳理,有助于正确理解“肠-脑”对话机制在抑郁行为发生中的作用,也为运动干预抑郁行为提供更多的研究思路。     

脂多糖诱导内脏器官白细胞介素15mRNA的表达

目的白细胞介素15（interleukin-15,IL-15）与炎症反应的关系。方法在含兔IL-15全长编码cDNA的质粒上缺失了部份片段．构建成竞争性RT—PCR的竞争子（competitor）。研究炎症反应后IL-15基因的转录情况。结果竞争性RT-PCR结果显示,IL-15与炎症反应密切相关,且脂多糖（LPS）增加了兔子内脏器官（心脏,肺,肾脏,脾脏和肝脏）中IL-15mRNA的表达。结论LPS可以增强IL-15的免疫反应。     

Authority and Authority Relations in Mathematics Education: A View from an 8th Grade Classroom

Compared to studies in general education, authority has received little attention in mathematics education, despite an increasing interest in sociological perspectives in mathematics classroom research. The subject of authority is particularly important in mathematics education, on the one hand, because of the immense authority mathematics itself seems to possess and pass on to its practitioners, but also, on the other hand, because of the anti-authoritarianism present, to some degree, in many trends in mathematics education such as cooperative learning approaches and constructivist pedagogies. Such an anti-authoritarian stance appears justified by data from an 8th grade mathematics classroom (supplemented with data from a second 8th grade classroom) which suggest that teachers possess immense authority in the eyes of the students and that this and other authority relations are strongly evident in the students non-reflective ways of interacting not only with their teachers but also among themselves. However, theoretical considerations on authority show that the problem may not be authority per se but the way one conceives the notion of authority, that there exist kinds of authority, such as Bennes anthropogogical authority, which can encourage reflective and also fruitful collaborative work.     

英语面试语境中受试者的语用策略分析

随着经济的发展和英语应用的日益普及,英语面试逐渐成为目前社会机构筛选和考察人员常用的手段。但是由于面试语境中交际双方权势上的悬殊,使得处于弱势的受试者除了具备扎实的英语听、说能力外,还应积极采取有效的交际语用策略,使自己最终赢得面试官的认同,取得社会承认,获得有利于自己的结果。