2004年NBA西强东弱格局变化之探析

通过2003-2004赛季NBA总决赛底特律活塞队与洛杉矶湖人队五场比赛技术统计资料为依据结合双方临场表现进行对比与研究,分析活塞队夺冠、湖人队失利原因;总决赛之后的发展趋势以及由此值得我们借鉴的启示.     

Argentina and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics

The election of Raúl Alfonsín in October of 1983 represented the return of democracy to Argentina after more than seven years of a military dictatorship that left the country in a terribly distressed state. Since the dictatorship had joined the boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics led by the USA, for Argentina, the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics meant both coming back to the Olympic fold and the first such festival under the new democratic government. This paper explores Argentina's trajectory towards, and construction of, its participation in the country's first post-dictatorship Olympics. In doing so, this paper reveals why participation in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was not a priority for the incoming administration and why such participation was not conceived as a potential emissary capable of reaffirming on the global Olympic stage the hard fought, yet still emerging, democracy of Argentina. In addition, it reveals not only the determination of the Alfonsín administration to make his sport policy work but also its aspirations, complexity and ambiguities.     

美国洛杉矶教师发展和评价框架（TDEF）简介

2012年,洛杉矶教师联盟（UTLA）出台了新的教师发展和评价框架（TDEF）.该框架旨在“以一种综合、连贯的方式改进每一间教室中的教与学”.其基本框架包括两个部分：定期的多种测量的总结性评价和基于总结性评价做出的形成性的专业发展支持.后者又包括对熟手教师提供的专业发展活动和对非熟手教师提供的干预和指导活动.这些评价的依据都是加州教学专业标准.该框架的特点体现在四个方面：基于标准的评价定位、促进导向的评价信念、多种证据的评价依据、综合连贯的评价体系.     

Use of clustering techniques in deriving psychoeducational profiles

This study explores whether a synthesis of clinical and statistical data taken from the psychoeducational reports completed on a group of 42, 9- to 11-year-old boys referred to a Child Psychiatric Outpatient Department for school-learning problems, would yield discrete clinical categories or clusters of children. An amalgamated hierarchical clustering technique which formed clusters by subjects based on a measure of euclidean distance was used. Forty-two reports were evaluated by licensed educational psychologists in five input areas: Developmental History, School History, Cognitive Functioning, Sensorimotor/Perceptual Functioning, and Academic Achievement. One of three educational placement recommendations was identified for each subject: No Educational Placement Intervention Necessary, Special Tutoring or Remediation, and Special Class Placement. Using clinical characteristic ratings given by the evaluators on each variable, a similarity-dissimilarity matrix was formed which classified subjects into four discrete clusters based on their clinical profiles. A χ² test determined that there was a significant association (p < .01) between cluster membership and educational placement recommendations.     

从体育到体娱——洛杉矶体育城市建设的历程、经验与启示

洛杉矶作为世界知名的体育城市,其体育城市建设的方法和过程都具有极高的可借鉴价值。以洛杉矶的体育城市建设为主要研究对象,利用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对洛杉矶的体育城市建设的发展历程进行归纳总结,通过分析洛杉矶体育城市建设的经验,并结合我国的实际国情,对当下中国体育城市建设提出具有参考价值的建议。研究发现:洛杉矶城市体育建设有以下几点实践经验:发达的文化体育娱乐产业推动城市经济发展;政府对体育城市建设过程中的引导规划;多元化的运动形式促进城市的社会稳定。对我国体育城市发展提出了以下几点建议:政府在体育城市建设中的合理规划;制定长期、连贯的体育城市营销战略;明确体育城市的发展定位和策略。     

If You Will It?: The Early History of Non-Orthodox Secondary Day Schools in Los Angeles

ABSTRACT

The development of non-Orthodox Jewish day schools in Los Angeles in the 1970s to 1990s can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the city’s geography, the deterioration of public education, court-ordered busing that began in the 1970s, and strong rabbinic personalities. Yet, as elementary day schools proliferated throughout the city, educators struggled to keep secondary day schools afloat. Contributing factors to the challenges secondary schools faced included sprawling city geography, lack of communal support, and parental desire to send children to established high schools with proven track records for college preparation and admission.     

Goals and achievement orientations of anglo and mexican-american adolescents in sport and the classroom

The purpose of this study was to analyze the definitions of success and failure (achievement goals) and preferred means to goal attainment (achievement orientations) among male and female Anglo and Mexican-American high school students I athletes in sport and the classroom. Based on a recent conceptualization of achievement motivation, it was assumed that definitions of success and failure could be equated to personal characteristics, behaviors, or outcomes and reflect an emphasis on either effort or ability. Further, it was assumed that there are two major achievement orientations: In one, the means to goal attainment entail social comparison; in the second, goal attainment is processed according to mastery criteria. Results revealed cultural and sex differences in athletic goals. Anglo males were more likely to define sport success in terms of ability while Anglo females and Mexican-American athletes tended to equate athletic success to the demonstration of effort. The reverse was true for sport failure—Anglo males emphasized low effort while the other groups stressed low ability. Variations in preferred achievement orientations were also revealed. For example, in the athletic setting, females showed the least preference for sport success which reflected on the individual and involved social comparison. Males indicated the least preference for individual-oriented, social comparison-based athletic failure.     

国外公共图书馆总分馆制典型案例分析及其启示——以洛杉矶公共图书馆总分馆制为例

如何通过总分馆模式实现图书馆更好地为社区服务的目标是国内外公共图书馆一直思考、不懈探索的问题。洛杉矶公共图书馆的总分馆治理模式从图书馆使命、组织管理、战略规划、资金来源、公众支持和技术应用等方面为我国图书馆总分馆的发展提出4点启示:切实可行的总分馆发展战略规划是稳步推进总分馆发展的保障;多渠道的资金来源是促进分馆建设的坚实后盾;多样化的志愿者服务是总分馆服务拓展的重要支持;先进的技术是促进图书馆在总分馆之间提供无差别服务的基础。     

Changing academic task persistence through a self-instructional attribution training program

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a self-instructional method of attribution training could effectively alter both academic task persistence and effort attributions for success and failure. Ninety children with low-effort attributions were identified and randomly assigned to three groups. The two experimental groups (experiential and formal presentation) were given training with two slightly different self-instructional procedure and compared to a control group receiving no such training. The results revealed that both experimental groups receiving the self-instructional attribution training evidenced significant differences from the control group in both academic task persistence and effort attribution.     

Sports Infrastructure,Legacy and the Paradox of the 1984 Olympic Games

The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games created a new sponsorship model for organising committees, changed perceptions about the value of hosting the Games, encouraged greater reliance on television revenue and generated a $232.5 million surplus. Although observers rarely cite sports venues as a 1984 legacy, the Los Angeles Olympics resulted in the construction or improvement of nearly 100 sport facilities in Southern California in three decades following the Games. These sports spaces served more than 500,000 young people annually. Much of the construction funding came from grants made by the LA84 Foundation, which was endowed with Southern California's share of the 1984 surplus. The Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee (LAOOC) achieved a surplus by producing substantial revenues while tightly controlling costs. A key element of cost control was limited spending on Olympic venues. The LAOOC built only three new venues, relying on existing stadiums for all other venues. The LAOOC's construction budget was significantly lower than those of other Olympic organisers in the 1980s and 1990s. Thus, by building very few new venues for the 1984 Games, the LAOOC laid the groundwork for a legacy of sports fields, tracks, gymnasiums and pools built or improved after 1984.