An ordinary moonlighting activity? Determinants of the provision of private tutoring by Czech schoolteachers

Teacher moonlighting (teachers working other jobs in addition to teaching) may have positive as well as negative implications. In the context of post-socialist countries, the provision of private tutoring is one of the common forms of teacher moonlighting. The aim of the paper is to analyse the prevalence and factors that are associated with a) having a paid job in addition to one’s regular teaching obligations; b) provision of private tutoring among teachers. Results are drawn from a representative sample of 494 Czech teachers of academic school subjects in lower secondary schools who responded to an online questionnaire survey. Male teachers working part-time, with shorter professional experience, higher household financial burden and lower satisfaction with teacher salaries were more likely to moonlight. The provision of private tutoring was only associated with shorter professional experience and the teaching of core subjects, suggesting that Czech teachers’ motivation to provide private tutoring is currently not primarily financial.     

音乐对有氧耐力素质影响的研究

有氧耐力是指运动员在供氧充足的情况下克服疲劳的能力，其训练目的在于增强有机体氧气运输系统的机能。将音乐引入有氧耐力训练，用呼吸频率变化等生理指标，对实验组和对照组在其提高幅度上进行实验分析，证明音乐有助于有氧耐力的提高。     

运动对呼吸链抗氧化能力的影响

呼吸链是防御氧攻击的一道重要屏障，还原型CoQ10细胞色素c是呼吸链中抗氧化的重要物质；运动对呼吸链的抗氧化能力有重要影响。复合物Ⅰ活性与运动量、强度和时间密切相关；急性力竭运动可以使细胞色素c活性降低；辅酶Q的含量与自由基的产生呈线性相关。     

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19

ABSTRACT

As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.     

Incremental training intensities increases loads on the lower back of elite female rowers

Lumbar-pelvic kinematics change in response to increasing rowing stroke rates, but little is known about the effect of incremental stroke rates on changes in joint kinetics and their implications for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of incremental rowing intensities on lower limb and lumbar-pelvic kinetics. Twelve female rowers performed an incremental test on a rowing ergometer. Kinematic data of rowers’ ankle, knee, hip and lumbar-pelvic joints, as well as external forces at the handle, seat and foot-stretchers of the rowing machine were recorded. Inter-segmental moments and forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and were compared across stroke rates using repeated measures ANOVA. Rowers exhibited increases in peak ankle and L5/S1 extensor moments, reductions in peak knee moments and no change in peak hip moments, with respect to stroke rate. Large shear and compressive forces were seen at L5/S1 and increased with stroke rate (P < 0.05). This coincided with increased levels of lumbar-pelvic flexion. High levels of lumbar-pelvic loading at higher stroke rates have implications with respect to injury and indicated that technique was declining, leading to increased lumbar-pelvic flexion. Such changes are not advantageous to performance and can potentially increase the risk of developing injuries.     

大鼠左心室流出道电生理特性的观察

目的为了观察大鼠左心室流出道组织是否具有自动节律性.方法利用细胞内微电极记录技术,观察了18例大鼠左心室流出道组织的电生理特征.结果16例(88.89%)出现了自律性电活动,并且可在局部组织记录到典型的慢反应动作电位.结论大鼠左心室流出道组织具有自律性.其生理功能有待进一步研究.     

儿童急性呼吸道感染中流感嗜血杆菌的检测与分型

目的 :为了解儿童急性呼吸道感染中的流感嗜血杆菌与生物分型及其对抗生素的敏感情况。方法 :对 78例急性呼吸道感染儿童采用常规方法进行了培养 ,药敏试验与生物分型。结果 :共分离出流感嗜血杆菌 33株 ,检出率为 4 2 .3% ,在对所有分离株进行的生物分型结果中 ,共检出 5型 ,其中以Ⅳ ,Ⅵ型居多 ,分别为Ⅳ型 8例 (2 4 .2 % ) Ⅵ型 13例 (39.4 % )。 33株分离出的流感嗜血杆菌中 ,全部菌株对氯霉素 ,氧氟沙星敏感 ,头孢拉定株 2 1(6 3.6 % ) 、头孢唑林 19株 (5 7.6 % )、去甲万古霉素 2 3株 (6 9.7% ) 、苯唑青霉素 31株 (93.4 % ) 、复方磺鞍甲基异唑 11株 (33.3% )、红霉素 4株 (13.2 % )。结论 :儿童急性呼吸道感染中流感嗜血杆菌有较高的检出率 ,以生物Ⅵ型和Ⅳ型居多。流感嗜血杆菌存在着严重的耐药倾向。     

杂交水稻苗期生长与~(32)P~(14)C在分蘖的分布

用放射性同位素示踪技术,测定早、晚季10多个杂交水稻及其亲本中~(32)P、~(14)C在分蘖的分布(％),并统计其分蘖数量与~(32)P、~(14)C的相关性。结果表明,多数杂交水稻的分蘖数量与~(32)P在分蘖的分布(％)呈显著或极显著正相关,而与~(14)C也呈正的相关性;杂交水稻的生长势(苗高、苗重、根长、根重),普遍比亲本和“双桂36”好;光合强度和根的呼吸强度,除L301A×R29以外,其余均较高。还讨论了杂交水稻分蘖力,分蘖数量与谷粒产量的关系,以及~(32)P、~(14)C在分蘖分布(％)作为预测杂种优势的可能性。     

拉萨河下游河谷区三叶草引种品比试验研究

针对拉萨河谷的自然气候条件, 选择了9种三叶草品种进行集中品比试验, 观察各种牧草的越冬率、生育期、高生长速率和产草量等生产形状。结果表明, 拉萨河谷下游河谷区适合引种栽培三叶草，三叶草能够顺利越冬，能够取得与其它地区相似气候条件下的相当产量。在参试品种中，Zgrk8802 红三叶、Beskyd红三叶和Vesna 红三叶是适宜于拉萨河谷下游的优良牧草品种，在越冬率、产草量、生长期和生长速率方面表现都是优良的品种，值得在拉萨河谷下游区推广。     

关于一个平面1-集的不规则性

一个S-集必定是不规则集,除非S是整数.但S是整数的时候这个S-集可能是规则的,也可能是不规则的.为此,利用上密度和下密度来证明一个平面1-集的不规则性.