众创空间用户持续使用意愿形成机理:基于自我决定理论的一个研究框架

众创空间用户即创客的入驻和持续参与,是推动众创空间可持续发展的关键因素。通过梳理国内外众创空间及其持续使用的相关研究,并基于自我决定理论视角,构建一个创客持续使用意愿形成机理的研究框架。研究表明:众创空间作为一个复杂的创新创业服务生态系统,通过为创客提供经济型、技术型、社会型和政策型创新创业服务,影响创客的内部动机和外部动机,进而影响创客的满意度和持续使用意愿;此外,创客不同的因果定向特质——自主定向、控制定向和非个人定向与众创空间的服务交互作用,最终影响创客的持续使用意愿。     

实现众创空间创新功能的机制设计

关于众创空间的现有研究大多关注内在主体(创客)或外部因素(诸政策支持、生态环境等),而对于众创空间本身的机制设计讨论却十分匮乏。基于创新生态系统治理视角,采用QCA与NCA混合方法,对浙江省63家众创空间的数据进行分析,探索众创空间的合理机制设计方案。结果表明：众创空间创新功能的发挥是多种运行机制协同作用的结果,其中平台服务功能、资源汇集通道、正式联结关系、成果共享文化是众创空间不可或缺的机制支撑,配合屏蔽外部资源提供者干预行为或构建包容试错的文化氛围,可以形成两条促进众创空间创新功能发挥的有效路径。     

国内外高校众创空间生态系统模型:基于多案例的扎根研究[*]

作为中国情境下新型的创业孵化基地,众创空间为实施双创战略、助推创新驱动发展做出了突出贡献。遵循多案例分析要求和扎根理论研究规范,对美国、日本等国际知名高校以及清华大学、浙江大学、温州大学等国内代表性高校的众创空间生态系统进行了数据编码,通过分析系统主体、组成部分、关键因素及其相互关系,最终归纳得出具有普适性的高校众创空间生态系统模型,并针对其关键要素给出了优化我国高校众创空间创业生态的具体建议,从而为我国高校的创新创业教育与人才培养实践提供参考。     

融入数字孪生的高校创客空间:意蕴、框架与功能——从物理空间、混合空间到映射空间之演进

高校创客空间经历了由物理空间到混合空间的发展过程。随着XR、5G、全息、数字孪生等技术的不断成熟,将数字孪生融入到高校创客空间的构建中,充分发挥其在实时监控、动态交互、迭代进化方面的功效,推动高校创客空间从混合空间走向映射空间,已然成为一种趋势。融入数字孪生的映射空间,在构成要素上包括物理空间、虚拟空间、空间服务系统和孪生数据四个要素,在构成层级上包括物理层、数据层、模型层、服务层和应用层五个层级,其可实现创客协同设计、创客设计全生命周期管理、创客设计沉浸式体验、创客空间运行实时监控等四大功能。通过相关实践案例分析也表明,融入数字孪生的高校创客空间具有广泛的应用前景,能最大限度地提升创客空间在创新和创意设计上的“广度”“深度”“速度”,大力推动高校创新创业人才和创新型工程技术人才的培养。     

信息生态理论视角下高校图书馆创客空间构建研究

通过对高校图书馆创客空间信息生态模型的分析和密歇根大学图书馆创客空间微观信息生态系统的案例解读,以期为国内高校图书馆创客空间的构建和运行提供借鉴和参考。从信息人、信息技术和信息环境三个层面对高校图书馆创客空间信息生态系统进行探讨。选取开展创客空间服务较早的密歇根大学图书馆作为案例,对其创客空间信息生态系统的运行模式进行分析。研究发现国内高校图书馆创客空间构建过程中应注意以下四方面问题：采用以人为本的构建理念、注重各项资源的合理配置、加强物理环境的交互设计、健全创客空间的管理规范。     

Makerspace in STEM for girls: a physical space to develop twenty-first-century skills

Makerspace has been lauded as a new way forward to create communities, empower students and bring together enthusiasts of all ages and skill levels “to tinker” and create. Makerspace education has been touted as having the potential to empower young people to become agents of change in their communities. This paper examines how a Makerspace approach can capture the imagination and creativity of female primary school students, and engage them in integrated STEM-based projects. The study scaffolded female tertiary undergraduate students to mentor small groups of girls to complete a project in a STEM Makerspace situated in classrooms. The data generated and analysed from this study were used to determine how Makerspace STEM-based projects were enacted, how they engaged and supported the girls’ learning, and considers the future of a Makerspace approach as a way to progress integrated STEM education.     

Intra-active entanglements: What posthuman and new materialist frameworks can offer the learning sciences

This paper examines what new materialist and posthumanist frameworks can offer learning science research in diverse maker learning environments. We explore what is gained by grappling with the entanglements between humans, non-humans and more-than-humans. To do this, we draw on Karen Barad's ethico-onto-epistemology and agential realism where she redefines connections to the shared world by attuning to the entangled matter that is created within intra-actions. We use this framework across four international cases: digital media camps, a university-level classroom-based makerspace, a Saturday outdoor makerspace workshop and a classroom-based museum makerspace. Each case study attends to how intra-actions enact agential forces in maker education research—forces that posthuman and new materialist frameworks help us see. In so doing, these case studies challenge many of the assumptions prevalent in the learning sciences about mattering and its implications in research sites.     

网络特征与众创空间绩效关系——基于定性比较分析方法的研究

众创空间社会网络与合作伙伴社会网络的复杂交织关系是众创空间的突出特点,对提升众创空间绩效具有重要影响。基于社会网络理论,运用聚焦组态效应的定性比较分析法（QCA）,探讨网络特征要素的组态效应对众创空间绩效产生的影响。研究表明：（1）获得众创空间高绩效有赖于网络特征要素间的组态效应,并且存在3种路径均可提升众创空间绩效,即网络中心性-关系强度主导型、网络结构主导型和关系嵌入主导型;（2）众创空间不同网络特征要素之间存在相互替补效应,这有利于获得众创空间高绩效;（3）网络中心性和关系强度是影响众创空间高绩效的核心条件,二者能有效增强网络特征对提升众创空间绩效的积极作用。     

Taking the maker movement to school: A systematic review of preK-12 school-based makerspace research

In this systematic review, we examined research on school-based makerspaces, emergent but increasingly popular sites for instruction and learning in preK through 12 settings. Through electronic database, hand, and ancestral searches, we identified 22 empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and dissertations that reported preK-12 students’ learning outcomes after participating in school-based makerspace interventions. We found that school-based makerspace research is increasing and published internationally, with a majority of studies (n = 13) conducted with middle and high school participants. Outcomes and interventions varied considerably across studies, demonstrating the disparate nature of school-based makerspace research. In the studies we reviewed, the goals, objectives, and scope of makerspace interventions did not conflict with those of schools, but best practices for makerspace teachers were lacking and equity-oriented approaches to designing makerspace activities and materials were still emerging. Implications of our findings for planning makerspace instruction and future research on makerspace interventions are discussed.