Influence of vermicomposting on solid wastes decomposition kinetics in soils

The effect of vermicomposting on kinetic behavior of the products is not well recognized. An incubation study was conducted to investigate C mineralization kinetics of cow manure, sugarcane filter cake and their vermicomposts. Two different soils were treated with the four solid wastes at a rate of 0.5 g solid waste C per kg soil with three replications. Soils were incubated for 56 d. The CO2-C respired was monitored periodically and a first-order kinetic model was used to calculate the kinetic pa-rameters of C mineralization. Results indicated that the percentage of C mineralized during the incubation period ranged from 31.9% to 41.8% and 55.9% to 73.4% in the calcareous and acidic soils, respectively. The potentially mineralizable C (C0) of the treated soils was lower in the solid waste composts compared to their starting materials. Overall, it can be concluded that de-composable fraction of solid wastes has decreased due to vermicomposting.     

农村规模化养猪场粪污危害与处理措施

随着农村牲猪养殖业的规模化发展,猪场排放的废弃物越来越多,其中排放的粪污严重污染着周边大气、土壤和水体,其危害日趋严重,必须对其进行无害化处理.农村规模化养猪场应充分发挥自身优势,优先选用干清粪工艺,实施雨污分离,采用适宜的粪污处理设施,科学处理猪场粪污,使之向无害化、资源化方向发展,从而减少环境污染,保障人畜健康,实现养猪业可持续性健康发展.     

太行山前平原秸秆资源高效利用途径与技术措施

秸秆是太行山前平原的重要农业资源,可还田、饲用、制沼气以及作为食用菌生产和化工原料,其中还田和饲用是主要利用途径。秸秆还田表现出显著的水分、培肥和增产增质效应。覆盖能提高水分利用率约10%;小麦-玉米两熟制的50%-60%秸秆还田加施化肥能够实现土壤养分平衡;秸秆覆盖的作物增产约10%,果树增产约20%。秸秆还田采取覆盖、留茬和翻压等方式,实施配套技术。秸秆利用技术应纳入到整个农事操作技术体系之中,实施秸秆还田、饲用处理以及沼气技术、发展秸秆多级利用技术,提高秸秆转化效率,发挥秸秆在农牧结合中的重要作用。从战略层次上调整秸秆利用结构,如可调整为直接还田、饲用、制沼气、食用菌生产、化工原料、其比例分别为：60：25：10：3：2。     

我国农村有机废弃物资源及沼气潜力

我国农村每年有各类秸秆6.2×108t，除去40%用于饲料和其他工业原料外，若全部用于沼气发酵，每年可产沼气744×108m3。每年农村可有各种畜禽粪便34.781×108t（TS为20%），可产沼气1536.21×108m3。每年农村有人粪尿1.7×108t，可产沼气88.4×108t3。