Identity and Otherness: Maghribi Images in the Historiography about Alfonso XI of Castile (1311–1350)

This work studies the information that the historiography on King Alfonso XI of Castile offers on the Marīnid dynasty of Fes. In spite of the confrontation between the two states in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries for the control of the Strait of Gibraltar and the southern part of Andalusia, the Alfonsine texts (the Crónica del Rey don Alfonso el Onceno, the Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI and, to a lesser extent, the Poema of Alfonso Onceno) attempt to reconstruct the history of the rival sultanate through a verifiable and rigorous approach comparing with Arab sources from that period. In this regard, their ideological conception moves away from the usual stereotypes, which are generally negative in the way they portray the other, i.e. the Maghribi opponent. In contrast, Alfonsine historiography assumes the empathetic portrayal of the identity values of the rival as part of the task of the historian, and uses the history and deeds of the adversaries to highlight the victory of the Castilian monarch over them.     

浅议马氏八极拳的教学与训练

马氏八极拳是海内外最具影响力与代表性的八极拳流派之一。其教学与训练独具风格,是马氏八极拳理论与技术体系的重要组成部分,深受马氏通备武学理念的影响。通过文献资料法、对比分析法等对马氏八极拳的教学与训练进行相应剖析,在指出它与传统八极拳教学与训练所具有的共性基础之上,进一步指出其在通备武学指导下所具有的个性内容,从而加深对马氏八极拳学与练的理解与把握。研究指出,在马氏八极拳教学与训练中,通备劲贯穿其全过程,大大丰富了原本八极拳相对简单的发劲结构;其呼吸、礼仪等方面,都具有自己明显的特征。而马氏通备十二打手的单式单操,对于更好的掌握八极拳,同时承上启下,完成进一步的选材与深化教学有着显著的实践效果。     

从制海权的影响谈我国海权的战略调整

海权问题逐渐引起国民的重视,其对开放型国家的重要性不言而喻。通过观察制海权对中国历史的影响,汲取必要的教训与有益的教益,当今中国海权问题的发展可从中得到启示——转变传统陆权观念,塑造海权思想。根据现实需要,中国海权战略可做适当的调整,而调整的关键在于：建设强大的远洋海上军事力量、使海外贸易与海上军事力量形成良性互哺、海权问题应着眼解决台海问题但更应着眼于现实需要与长远利益。     

La semantique politique du jeu de couleurs merinide: pureté et clarté, blancheur et verdeur (xiiie–xve siècles)

This article highlights the establishment of political legitimacy of Marīnid Sultan authority (1265–1465) using their symbolic colours, white and green. In order to examine the significance of these colours, we use the available historical material so that we are able to interpret colour in the context of this legitimacy. We consider literature as presented in ?genres such as historiography, poetry and political and religious texts and demonstrated in the symbolic aspects of the new sultan's power within a ceremonial space. Marīnid scholars have studied such symbolic politics and have composed a ‘poetics of royalty’ – a metaphorical arrangement linking colours and emblems of royalty that are purified and regenerated. These are embodied in certain emblems: norias, water-clocks, white flags (or lanterns) indicating the hour of prayer and the sword of the caliphate as a shining light on the summit of the mosque in al-Qarawiyyīn. The arrangement of the colours has a political dimension developed by sultans and their scholars that demonstrates the legitimacy of a dynasty emerging from nowhere, heir to a missing imām, that of Idrissid, the founder of regenerated monarchy. Finally, the white colour of the Marīnids is a symbolic re-appropriation of the Almohad white. Tīnmal, ‘the one who belongs to the Whites, to the Pure’, also known as the White City (al-madīna al-bay?ā') – founded by the Marīnid sultans on what became the city of Fes.     

论马尔库塞的社会批判理论

马尔库塞的社会批判理论充分吸收、解释和补充了海德格尔、马克思、黑格尔和弗洛伊德等哲学家们的存在思想,从人的压抑性心理机制的生成、病态社会的特征及其表现等方面出发。以科学技术对人的全面控制为切入点,全面地揭示了人被异化的种种状况,并主张从总体上进行革命．尤其是进行心理本能的革命。     

Sultans' Paradise: The Royal Necropolis of Shāla,Rabat

The following study concerns Shāla, which was the necropolis of the Marīnid rulers from 683/1284 to 752/1351. The Islamic buildings on the site have rarely received scholarly attention, although these edifices – despite their delapidated condition – are among the most important constructed by the dynasty. One of my main aims is to re-establish the buildings' chronological sequence, using the written and archaeological evidence, including publications about the site written in Arabic, which have hardly been considered so far. I also address the meaning and aims behind structure erected for each founder, which, in my view, have been misinterpreted by previous scholarship. In summary, this article attempts to revise our knowledge about the site.