带强迫项对流系统的空间混沌定义

主要研究了一类二维离散动力系统(2-D),即带强迫项对流系统的空间混沌行为,介绍了连续对流系统在Li-Yorkc和Marotto意义下的空间混沌定义以及非连续对流系统(分段连续对流系统)在转数区间意义下的空间混沌定义,并且分析了它的空间混沌的存在性.     

强磁场下液态金属在竖直平板外的自由对流换热

托克马克装置中面向等离子体部件在不同的位置存在很大的温差,导致面向等离子体部件表面液态金属产生自由对流。以此为背景,实验研究液态金属受横向磁场影响下竖直壁面上的自由对流换热规律。实验采用K型热电偶测量环境与壁面两侧的温度,利用多普勒超声波测速仪测量壁面上的液态金属速度,分析不同磁场强度和加热热流密度条件对竖直平板外表面的流动与换热影响规律。研究表明：竖直平板的局部换热系数与特征长度成反比,即距加热平板起始段越远换热越弱,同时增强加热功率使表面换热系数增加。在强磁场条件下,壁面边界层的流动与换热均普遍被抑制;但是在弱磁场下,增加磁场会强化平板表面的自由对流与换热,根据实验结果发现该转折点出现在磁相互作用数为1~4的范围。     

倾斜角度对基于相变材料的散热器在脉冲式热负荷作用下瞬时性能的影响

研究目的：通过实验方法定量研究在相变材料较为剧烈的熔化传热过程中散热器倾斜角度的改变对其瞬时性能所产生的影响。创新要点：定量研究在倾斜角度从水平到垂直时,储能式散热器在脉冲式热负荷作用下瞬时性能的变化规律,并在所研究的工况范围内给出了最优的倾斜角度参考值。研究方法：采用电加热方法模拟电子器件所产生的热源,通过调节电压改变脉冲式热负荷的强度和作用时间,并根据热电偶测量所得的加热表面温度变化来表征储能式散热器的瞬时性能。重要结论：在一定的倾斜角度下工作,可以有效提升基于相变材料的储能式散热器的瞬时性能。在加热功率为40 W、以75℃为目标时,其有效保护时间的相对增长可达约67%。     

Bio-inspired untethered fully soft robots in liquid actuated by induced energy gradients

Soft robotics with new designs, fabrication technologies and control strategies inspired by nature have been totally changing our view on robotics. To fully exploit their potential in practical applications, untethered designs are preferred in implementation. However, hindered by the limited thermal/mechanical performance of soft materials, it has been always challenging for researchers to implement untethered solutions, which generally involve rigid forms of high energy-density power sources or high energy-density processes. A number of insects in nature, such as rove beetles, can gain a burst of kinetic energy from the induced surface-energy gradient on water to return to their familiar habitats, which is generally known as Marangoni propulsion. Inspired by such a behavior, we report the agile untethered mobility of a fully soft robot in liquid based on induced energy gradients and also develop corresponding fabrication and maneuvering strategies. The robot can reach a speed of 5.5 body lengths per second, which is 7-fold more than the best reported, 0.69 (body length per second), in the previous work on untethered soft robots in liquid by far. Further controlling the robots, we demonstrate a soft-robot swarm that can approach a target simultaneously to assure a hit with high accuracy. Without employing any high energy-density power sources or processes, our robot exhibits many attractive merits, such as quietness, no mechanical wear, no thermal fatigue, invisibility and ease of robot fabrication, which may potentially impact many fields in the future.     

环形容器内双扩散对流的数值模拟

通过数值模拟 ,研究了温度和浓度梯度为水平方向、内壁和外壁上的温度和浓度保持定值的竖直环形容器内的双扩散对流结构 ,其中浮升力之比N =GrS GrT=- 1 ,GrS 和GrT 分别为溶质格拉晓夫数和热格拉晓夫数 .首先对环形容器与矩形容器内的双扩散对流状况进行了比较 ;然后着重分析了在双扩散对流情况下竖直环形容器内壁面处的热 (溶质 )边界层以及平均传热 (质 )率Nu(Sh)随Le数的变化情况 .结果表明 ,溶质边界层的厚度随着Le数的增大逐渐减小 ,而热边界层随Le数的变化不大 ;与Sh数一直随Le数的增大呈明显的上升趋势不同 ,当Le>1 0后Nu数随Le数的变化趋于平缓     

Effect of boundary conditions and convection on thermally induced motion of beams subjected to internal heating

Numerical exercises are presented on the thermally induced motion of internally heated beams under various heat transfer and structural boundary conditions. The dynamic displacement and dynamic thermal moment of the beam are analyzed taking into consideration that the temperature gradient is independent as well as dependent on the beam displacement. The effect of length to thickness ratio of the beam on the thermally induced vibration is also investigated. The type of boundary conditions has its influence on the magnitude of dynamic displacement and dynamic thermal moment. A sustained thermally induced motion is observed with progress of time when the temperature gradient being evaluated is dependent on the forced convection generated due to beam motion. A finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the structural equation of motion as well as the heat transfer equation.     

连铸板坯凝固前沿气泡的受力分析

铸坯中与气泡有关的缺陷对于钢的质量有很大的危害,有效去除钢中气泡成为高质量钢的主要任务。文章以吹氩的板坯结晶器为研究内容,运用理论计算对凝固前沿的气泡的受力进行量化。主要结论如下:气泡在钢液中主要受到重力、浮力、虚假质量力、升力、曳力、温度马兰戈尼力、浓度马兰戈尼力的影响。气泡被捕获的时候分为三个阶段,首先是气泡从结晶器主体钢液靠近温度边界层,在这个过程中气泡的运动主要受到曳力、浮力的作用;其次气泡进入温度边界层,在这个阶段气泡主要受到曳力、浮力、以及由温度梯度引起的马兰戈尼力;第三个阶段,气泡穿过温度边界层,到达浓度边界层,受到浓度的马兰戈尼力,其中浓度马兰戈尼力的方向总是朝着凝固前沿的方向。     

磁场作用下封闭立体强化传热的机理研究

磁场强化传热属于有源强化传热技术的一类,是利用磁场的作用,通过改变流体质点的运动规律,加强流体的混合过程,提高流体的传热系数而达到强化传热的目的.本文通过比较存在冷热对立面的封闭立体在外加不同的磁场方向时,自然对流程度的不同,推导出磁场强化传热的一般机理性的公式,并验证磁场强化效果.     

农村客运网络布局模式与发展政策研究

根据国家建设社会主义新农村的要求,农村客运成为道路客运行业发展重心。农村客运具有不同于城际干线客运的内在规律,应研究与其相适应的发展模式和发展政策。本文从农村客运特性分析开始,提出农村客运网络布局模式,并对其内在经济机理进行剖析,最后推导出适合农村客运发展的有关政策。     

流动作文

面对中职生作文写作现状,本人在教学实践中进行改革尝试,即推行流动作文。它主要通过作文本的流动进而带动知识、经验背景的流动,消解教师的绝对权威,促进学生交往回归真实。