Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as ≥7 mg/dl (in men) or ≥6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria. Results: (1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome.     

有氧运动强度监测指标特征分析与研究

研究了运动指标中的心率、代谢当量、主观感觉程度与运动能量消耗等指标特征,首先,从心率对运动负荷的基本应答特征、运用目标心率安排锻炼负荷强度、心率测量的特征、心率的运动强度监测等方面分析了心率指标特征;其次,阐述了代谢当量指标与主观感觉程度特征及其分级指标;再次,从气体代谢分析仪与心率测试法等方面分析了运动能量消耗测定方法;最后进行了总结与建议。     

Diagnosis of Major Organic Acidurias in Children: Two Years Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre

Organic acid disorders are inherited metabolic disorders in which organic acids accumulate in tissues and biological fluids of affected individuals. Classical organic acidurias include methylmalonic aciduria, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). They are considered the most frequent metabolic disorders among severely ill children. Patients frequently present with acute symptoms early in life. 420 cases clinically suspected to have organic aciduria, with upper age limit of 12 years for a 2-year period (January 2007–December 2008) were enrolled into this study. Metabolic acidosis and neurological symptoms were the most common signs. Screening tests and thin layer chromatography were done for detection of organic acidurias. Identification and quantitation of organic acids in urine and quantification of amino acids in blood were done by high performance liquid chromatography. Out of 420 patients, 45 patients (10.7%) were found to have organic acidurias. 15 cases of methylmalonic aciduria, 16 cases of propionic aciduria, 13 cases of MSUD, and one case of isovaleric aciduria were diagnosed. Results demonstrate the importance of testing for organic acidurias. Since organic aciduria may cause irreversible brain damage if not treated, we recommend selective screening amongst severely ill children despite implied extra costs.     

Relation of uric acid levels to aortic root dilatation in hypertensive patients with and without metabolic syndrome

Objective:Uric acid(UA) is considered to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk and hyperuricemia might be involved in the metabolic syndrome(MS).This study aims to investigate the relation between UA levels and aortic root dilatation.Methods:A total of 348 hypertensive patients [age(67.5±9.8) years] with or without MS were included in the study.The aortic root diameters at the aortic annulus,the sinuses of Valsalva,the sinotubular junction,and the proximal part of the ascending aorta were measured using a two-dimensional(2D) echocardiography.Serum UA levels were also measured for all patients.Results:A high UA level is independently associated with aortic root diameters at the sinuses of Valsalva(P=0.001) and the proximal ascending aorta(P0.0001) in the hypertensive patients without MS.In contrast,aortic root diameters were not significantly related to UA levels in the hypertensive patients with MS.Furthermore,increased UA levels were associated with an increased risk for aortic root dilatation in the patients without MS(sex-adjusted hazard ratio 1.75,95% confidence intervals(CI) 1.27-2.41),but not in those with MS.Conclusions:This study demonstrated an independent relationship between the aortic root dimensions and increased levels of serum UA in the hypertensive patients without MS.Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations may allow a clearer interpretation of the potential value of specific urate-lowering treatment on cardiovascular disease.     

基于能值和DEA的中国城市新陈代谢效率分析

本文运用能值理论及数据包络分析方法(DEA)系统研究了2010年和2000年中国31个案例城市的新陈代谢效率特征及发展机制。结果显示,中西部城市的非可再生资源能值占系统能值总量的比例较高;而上海、北京、深圳等经济发达城市则以进出口能值为主要构成成分。2010年上海、北京、广州、深圳、沈阳、西安、杭州和海口8个案例城市达到新陈代谢效率的DEA有效,其它23个非DEA有效的城市中,绝大多数的非可再生资源投入冗余率、废弃物投入冗余率和出口改善率有待提高。此外,对城市新陈代谢效率的机制分析表明,产业结构、城市化、经济发展和人口集聚要素对于城市新陈代谢效率具有较为显著的正面影响,未来应有的放矢地从以上方面调控城市新陈代谢效率。     

Long-term high fructose and saturated fat diet affects plasma fatty acid profile in rats

As the consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids (FAs) has greatly increased in western diets and is linked with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate (10 weeks) and a prolonged (30 weeks) high fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet on plasma FA composition in rats. The effects of a few weeks of HFS diet had already been described, but in this paper we tried to establish whether these effects persist or if they are modified after 10 or 30 weeks. We hypothesized that the plasma FA profile would be altered between 10 and 30 weeks of the HFS diet. Rats fed with either the HFS or a standard diet were tested after 10 weeks and again after 30 weeks. After 10 weeks of feeding, HFS-fed rats developed the metabolic syndrome, as manifested by an increase in fasting insulinemia, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as by impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, the plasma FA profile of the HFS group showed higher proportions of monounsaturated FAs like palmitoleic acid [16:1(n-7)] and oleic acid [18:1(n-9)], whereas the proportions of some polyunsaturated n-6 FAs, such as linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], were lower than those in the control group. After 30 weeks of the HFS diet, we observed changes mainly in the levels of 16:1(n-7) (decreased) and 20:4(n-6) (increased). Together, our results suggest that an HFS diet could lead to an adaptive response of the plasma FA profile over time, in association with the development of the metabolic syndrome.     

Metabolic remodeling in chronic heart failure

Although the management of chronic heart failure (CHF) has made enormous progress over the past decades, CHF is still a tremendous medical and societal burden. Metabolic remodeling might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of CHF. The characteristics and mechanisms of metabolic remodeling remained unclear, and the main hypothesis might include the changes in the availability of metabolic substrate and the decline of metabolic capability. In the early phases of the disease, metabolism shifts toward carbohydrate utilization from fatty acids (FAs) oxidation. Along with the progress of the disease, the increasing level of the hyperadrenergic state and insulin resistance cause the changes that shift back to a greater FA uptake and oxidation. In addition, a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the improvement in the metabolic capability is likely to be more significant than the selection of the substrate.     

茶与人体健康：茶叶活性组分的生物医学效应和当前关注的若干问题

饮茶有益于健康的观念在我国已沿传多个世纪,并在很大程度上为全世界所接受。本文简述了茶叶的药用历史以及从中国传播到世界各地的历史进程,重点对国内外关于饮茶预防癌症、代谢综合症、心血管疾病以及神经退行性疾病等人体重要疾病的最新研究成果进行了综述。在此基础上,针对当前在动物实验和人体流行病学调查结果上存在差异的原因,特别是对茶叶中儿茶素类化合物在人体组织中生物可利用度低的问题、高剂量绿茶提取物对人体可能存在毒性等安全性问题进行了讨论。此外,还介绍了近几年在提高儿茶素类化合物生物可利用度和对癌症的预防和治疗效果上的最新进展。     

富硒酵母抗动物热应激的研究进展

热应激是热带、亚热带及温带地区影响畜牧业健康发展的最常见因素之一。许多国家积极采取多种措施防控热应激的发生。富硒酵母因其广泛、确实、高效的生物学特性广泛用于缓解动物热应激的研究。本文对富硒酵母在提高热应激动物生产性能、改善营养物质代谢和增强机体免疫力等方面的作用进行综述,为进一步开发利用富硒酵母缓解动物热应激提供研究基础。     

Role of pump prime in the etiology of cardio-pulmonary bypass associated acidosis

The development of metabolic acidosis during cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) is a well recognized but poorly explained phenomenon. It has been hypothesized that it is purely a development after the delivery of pump prime. A retrospective study was conducted at our hospital on 68 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Sampling of arterial blood was performed at three time intervals: (T₁) Baseline, prior to induction; (T₂) 5 minutes after initiation of CPB and prior to administration of cardioplegia solution; (T3) during rewarming prior to weaning the patient off CPB. Measurements of Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, pH, pCO₂, HCO₃ ⁻, Base excess, Anion gap, Strong ion difference at each collection point were performed. Results were analyzed in a quantitative manner. On delivery of pump prime, all patients' developed metabolic acidosis. However, it is very important to distinguish the metabolic acidosis as their management varies. Anion gap has been found to be useful in managing peri-operative metabolic acidosis.