Effects of osmotic stress on antioxidant enzymes activities in leaf discs of P<Subscript>SAG12</Subscript>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">IPT</Emphasis> modified gerbera

Leaf senescence is often caused by water deficit and the chimeric gene PSA612-1PT is an auto-regulated gene delaying leaf senescence. Using in vitro leaf discs culture system, the changes of contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble protein and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance （TBARS） and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated during leaf senescence of PSA612-1PT modified gerbera induced by osmotic stress compared with the control plant （wild type）. Leaf discs were incubated in 20%, 40% （w/v） polyethylene glycol （PEG） 6 000 nutrient solution for 20 h under continuous light [ 130 μmol/（m^2·s）]. The results showed that the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids and soluble protein were decreased by osmotic stress with the decrease being more pronounced at 40% PEG, but that, at the same PEG concentration the decrease in the transgenic plants was significantly lower than that in the control plant. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalases （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR） were stimulated by PEG treatment. However, the increases were higher in PSA612-IPT transgenic plants than in the control plants, particularly at 40% PEG treatment. Lipid peroxidation （TBARS content） was increased by PEG treatment with the increase being much lower in transgenic plant than in the control plant. It could be concluded that the increases in the activities ofantioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and DHAR were responsible for the delay of leaf senescence induced by osmotic stress.     

Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as ≥7 mg/dl (in men) or ≥6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria. Results: (1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome.     

温度、pH对胡子鲶主要消化酶活性的影响

研究胡子鲶胃、前肠、中肠、肝胰脏四个部位的主要消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）活性以及温度、pH对其的影响．结果表明：在四个部位中,蛋白酶活力由高到低依次为：胃〉前肠〉肝胰脏〉中肠;淀粉酶活力由高到低依次为：肝胰脏〉中肠〉胃〉前肠;脂肪酶活力由高到低依次为：前肠〉中肠〉胃〉肝胰脏．胃蛋白酶活性最高,其适宜温度为30-35℃。适宜pH为5．5;肝胰脏淀粉酶活性最高,其适宜温度为25~35℃。适宜pH为6．0～7．0;前肠脂肪酶活性最高,其适宜温度为35-40℃,适宜pH为7．0～7．5．     

NaCl对玉米细胞保护酶同工酶的影响

以鲁单981和强盛1号的为试验材料,采用同工酶电泳技术,研究NaCl对玉米细胞保护酶同工酶的影响,结果表明,用10%NaCl处理后,在取样时间内,实验组的CAT同工酶谱带均明显增强,POD同工酶谱带也增强,在SOD同工酶谱带中,实验组的谱带要强于对照组;而且,不同品种之间有一定的差别.玉米细胞保护酶在玉米对NaCl的抗性中可能具有重要的作用.     

有氧训练对一次力竭运动小鼠心肌及血清抗氧化酶的影响

目的：经过16周有氧训练,观察一次性力竭运动后小鼠心肌及血清抗氧化酶活性及过氧化脂质的变化,探讨长期有氧运动对运动应激时机体的抗氧化能力的影响。方法：36只雌性KM小鼠随即分成有氧训练组（E组）、运动应激组（0组）和空白对照组（c组）,E组经过16周有氧训练后与0组进行一次性力竭游泳实验,测定力竭运动后心肌和血清中MDA、SOD、CAT、T—AOC、CK等指标的变化。结果：小鼠经过力竭运动后心肌SOD、CAT、T—AOC含量,E组与0组相比增加非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：经过16周的有氧训练后,小鼠对运动应激引起的氧化适应能力得到提高,小鼠的心脏组织和血清中脂质过氧化程度都有所下降。     

基于能值和DEA的中国城市新陈代谢效率分析

本文运用能值理论及数据包络分析方法(DEA)系统研究了2010年和2000年中国31个案例城市的新陈代谢效率特征及发展机制。结果显示,中西部城市的非可再生资源能值占系统能值总量的比例较高;而上海、北京、深圳等经济发达城市则以进出口能值为主要构成成分。2010年上海、北京、广州、深圳、沈阳、西安、杭州和海口8个案例城市达到新陈代谢效率的DEA有效,其它23个非DEA有效的城市中,绝大多数的非可再生资源投入冗余率、废弃物投入冗余率和出口改善率有待提高。此外,对城市新陈代谢效率的机制分析表明,产业结构、城市化、经济发展和人口集聚要素对于城市新陈代谢效率具有较为显著的正面影响,未来应有的放矢地从以上方面调控城市新陈代谢效率。     

Mechanism of Antidiabetic Action of Compound GII Purified from Fenugreek (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum graecum</Emphasis>) Seeds

To study the mechanism of action of water soluble compound GII purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds which was shown earlier to have antidiabetic effect in the subdiabetic, moderately and severely diabetic rabbits. In rabbits (1–1.5 kg bw) diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg bw of alloxan. They were fed with GII at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw daily once in the morning for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL + VLDL cholesterol [(LDL + VLDL)C], HDL cholesterol [(HDL)C], total tissue lipids, glycogen and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, polyol pathway) hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were estimated. Liver and kidney function parameters were also estimated. Treatment with GII for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits and for 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits (i) decreased the elevated lipids TC, TG, (LDL + VLDL)C and increased the decreased (HDL)C, (ii) decreased the elevated liver and heart total lipids, TC and TG, (iii) increased the decreased liver and muscle glycogen, (iv) increased the decreased hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, (v) decreased the increased glucose-6-phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aldose reductase. Results thus show that treatment with GII compound purified from fenugreek seeds for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits corrects the altered serum lipids, tissue lipids, glycogen, enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, polyol pathway and antioxidant enzymes. Histopathological abnormalities (fatty infiltration and other cellular changes) seen in the pancreas, liver, heart and kidneys were repaired after treatment with GII. In fact partially damaged pancreas was repaired. Liver and kidney function test results were normal in the GII treated animals indicating that GII treatment is safe and free from any side effects.     

Diagnosis of Major Organic Acidurias in Children: Two Years Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre

Organic acid disorders are inherited metabolic disorders in which organic acids accumulate in tissues and biological fluids of affected individuals. Classical organic acidurias include methylmalonic aciduria, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). They are considered the most frequent metabolic disorders among severely ill children. Patients frequently present with acute symptoms early in life. 420 cases clinically suspected to have organic aciduria, with upper age limit of 12 years for a 2-year period (January 2007–December 2008) were enrolled into this study. Metabolic acidosis and neurological symptoms were the most common signs. Screening tests and thin layer chromatography were done for detection of organic acidurias. Identification and quantitation of organic acids in urine and quantification of amino acids in blood were done by high performance liquid chromatography. Out of 420 patients, 45 patients (10.7%) were found to have organic acidurias. 15 cases of methylmalonic aciduria, 16 cases of propionic aciduria, 13 cases of MSUD, and one case of isovaleric aciduria were diagnosed. Results demonstrate the importance of testing for organic acidurias. Since organic aciduria may cause irreversible brain damage if not treated, we recommend selective screening amongst severely ill children despite implied extra costs.     

有氧运动强度监测指标特征分析与研究

研究了运动指标中的心率、代谢当量、主观感觉程度与运动能量消耗等指标特征,首先,从心率对运动负荷的基本应答特征、运用目标心率安排锻炼负荷强度、心率测量的特征、心率的运动强度监测等方面分析了心率指标特征;其次,阐述了代谢当量指标与主观感觉程度特征及其分级指标;再次,从气体代谢分析仪与心率测试法等方面分析了运动能量消耗测定方法;最后进行了总结与建议。     

急性耐力运动对大鼠脑组织一氧化氮和一氧化氮合成酶的影响及中药调节作用的研究

采用实验法，探讨一次性长时间运动后及恢复期大鼠脑组织一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的变化以及中药对其调节性作用。研究结论：急性耐力运动后大鼠端脑iNOS活性显著性增高、cNOS显著性降低，而NO水平的过量提高可能具有神经毒性作用，这可能是急性耐力运动引发运动性中枢疲劳的重要原因；急性耐力运动后20h恢复期，大鼠端脑NO及其合成酶系的变化趋势与病理性脑损伤存在明显差异，这可能与急性耐力运动中脑组织L-精氨酸分解代谢加速和脂质过氧化水平提高有关；中药营养补充对减缓急性耐力运动中NO过量增高、保护脑组织、推迟中枢疲劳的产生具有一定的积极性作用。