Bakhtin Applied: Employing Dialogism to Analyze the Interplay of the Ideologies of Individualism and Community Within the Discourse of Alcoholics Anonymous

An ongoing debate regarding the nature of therapeutic communities concerns the extent to which these communities reinforce the ideologies of individualism and community. This article engages this discussion through a process of social text analysis informed by the dialogism theory of Russian philosopher and literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. Dialogism seeks to understand the multiple voices interpenetrating particular utterances, revealing an emergent social construction of meaning. Applying this approach to examples of discourse from a prominent therapeutic community, Alcoholics Anonymous, illustrates how meaning in the discourse of this movement can be understood to emerge among the interplay between the ideologies of individualism and community as expressed within the movement's narrative practice.     

中国改革的方法论特点

中国近20年的改革取得举世瞩目的成就，具有如下四个方法论特点：以对苏联模式进行彻底改革作为出发点；充分发扬党的实事求是，理论联系实际，密切联系群众的传统；从世界全局的高度，以宽阔的胸怀，引导推动改革，采取了“不争论”，用事实说话的策略。     

殖民地时期至镀金时代美国个人主义的发展

作为一种体现资产阶级民主自由思想的价值观念,个人主义在美国有一个发展变化过程。在殖民地时期,北美并没有明显的个人主义倾向。独立战争胜利之后,个人主义倾向在美国得到了相应地发展,但在此后至内战前,它还主要局限于政治范围内。内战结束后,美国的政治经济状况发生了深刻的变化,美国的个人主义突破了政治范围,进而发展到经济上的个人主义。这个过程反映了美国社会历史发展进程。     

论数字资源整合的方法与技术基础

数字资源整合在数字图书馆建设领域的迅速发展不仅有深刻的实践动因,也有深厚的方法和技术的支撑。哲学方法、系统论方法和知识组织方法是数字资源整合的重要方法基础。支持知识整合的主要技术包括知识表示、知识获取、知识推理和知识共享等。     

Individualism-collectivism among Americans, Turks and Turkish immigrants to the U.S.

Whether immigrants to the U.S. from collectivist cultures will adopt American individualist values is an important question at the intersection of theories on acculturation and individualism/collectivism. According to the assimilation hypothesis, Turkish immigrants to the U.S. should become more individualistic with increasing length of stay. Alternatively, the immigrant interdependence hypothesis proposes that the exigencies of immigration require retaining or increasing collectivist values and behaviors, especially the willingness to rely on others. Measures of individualism and collectivism were obtained from Turkish immigrants to the U.S., Turks residing in Istanbul, and residents of Boston. Bostonians and Istanbul residents differed primarily on vertical collectivism, which is the tendency to subordinate ones own goals to those of in-group authority figures. Immigrants’ values did not change with increasing length of stay in the U.S., refuting the assimilation hypothesis. When immigrants were compared to non-immigrants, immigrants endorsed stronger horizontal and vertical collectivism and more desire to both give and receive, consistent with the immigrant interdependence hypothesis. However, this hypothesis was not uniformly supported. Compared to non-immigrants, immigrants reported more self-reliance with competition, and more internal locus of control, indicating a sense of agency and responsibility. Findings are consistent with the view that immigrants adjust in complex ways to their new society, and may have different temperaments than non-immigrants.     

An Analysis of Stanley Kowalski＇s Character from the Perspective of Cross-cultural Communication

In his play A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams has portrayed Stan- ley Kowalski as a fascinating character. Unfor- tunately, cultural differences have hindered our appreciation of him. This article analyzes Stan- ley Kowalski＇s character from the perspective of cross-cultural communication.     

On Thoreau’s Individualism

Henry David Thoreau, the most influential American writer, naturalist, philosopher in 19th century, who was also an important representative figure of the American Transcendentalism Movement, the out...     

试论在教学中对学生进行方法论的训练

文章论述在教学中对学生进行方法论训练的重要性、实施原则和教学中常用的科学方法。在教学中进行方法论训练,把教知识和教方法互相结合起来,把方法论的学习和应用互相结合起来,本身就是一项有意义的教学改革。在教学中进行方法论训练,使学生既学到知识,又学到方法。这对于提高教学质量,培养创新型人才有不可低估的战略意义。     

人本主义及其对西方文化的影响

人本主义产生于14~17世纪的文艺复兴时期。文艺复兴的指导思想是人文主义,人本主义是人文主义的核心思想和重要内容,人本主义是当时西欧社会生产关系发生变化的产物,对西方文化产生了深远的影响。